Computer Padikkan Oru Formula

പൂമുഖം

`mKw1

AÛpXb{´-¯nsâ

AIw-s]m-cpÄ

l Iw]yq«dnsâ ASnØm\ LSI§Ä þ lmÀUvshbÀ l

l AÛpXb{´¯nsâ Poh\mUn þ tkm^vävshbÀ l

l b{´¯n\v b{´`mj þ sajo³ emwtKzPv l

l Iw]yq«dnsâ _mlyklmbnIÄ þ s]cns^dÂkv l

Iw]yq-«-dnsâ Xdbpw ]dbpw

{]XnIcWsa´mIpw F¶ Bi¦tbmsSbmWv cXojv ImÀ¯nIsb kao]n¨Xv. IpsshänÂ tPmen sN¿p¶ tN«³ kXojnsâ `mcybmbn ImÀ¯nI ho«nÂ h¶n«v Bdpamk¯ntesdbmsb¦nepw AhcpsS apdnbnÂ Ibdm\pff ss[cyw cXojv AXphsc ImWn¨n«nÃ. Ft´m HcIÂ¨. H¼Xmw ¢mÊnÂ ]Tn¡p¶ Ip«nbmWv Xms\¦nepw Ft´m Hcp Nfp¸v. h«¡®S [cn¨ ImÀ¯nIbpsS apJ¯v kq£n ¨pt\m¡m³ Hcp ss[cy¡pdhv. ]s£, apdnbnÂ tai¸pd¯ncn¡p¶ Iw]yq«À Znhtk\ hmXnÂ¡Â \n¶v ImWpt¼mÄ PnÚmk AS¡m\mhp¶nÃ. ]«W¯nÂ hnJymXamb Hcp Iw]yq«À I¼\nbnÂ t{]m{KmadmWv ImÀ¯nI. IpsshänÂ tPmenkm²yXbpffXn\mÂ Iw]yq«À t{]m{Kmasd¯s¶ tXSn¸nSn¨v sI«pIbmbncp¶p tN«³ F¶v cXojn\dnbmw. ho«nse NnÃd tPmen IgnªmÂ, cm{Xn sshIpwhsc ImÀ¯nI Iw]yq«dn\v ap¼nemWv. tN«\pw tN«¯nb½¡panSbn Â clkyamb hmÀ¯mhn\naba{Xbpw \S¡p¶Xv Cu b{´w hgnbmsW¶v cXojn\dnbmambncp¶p. ]s£, AsX§s\bmsW¶h\dnbnÃ. PnÚmk \mÄtXmdpw GdnhcnIbmbncp¶p. tai¸pd¯v ssIap«q¶n, I®Sbqcn ssIbnÂ ]nSn¨v, kv{Io\nÂ I®p\«v, Nn´ma ábmbncn¡pIbmWv ImÀ¯nI. IfÀ sSenhnj³ t]mse tXm¶n¨ tamWn«dnÂ Fs´ms¡tbm IW¡pIÄ. "sSenhnjsâ' ]pdInÂ \n¶v Ipsd hbdpIÄ heXphi¯ncn¡p¶ Hcp s]«nbnte¡pw ssS¸vssdädnsâ I«IÄ \nc¶ncn¡p¶ shfp

http://bluemangoa2z.50webs.com/

s¯mcp t_mÀUnte¡pw \ofp¶p. heXphis¯ s]«nbpsS ap³`mK¯v CS¡nsS an¶p¶ Hcp ]¨ sseäv. Iw]yq«À C{Xbpw ASp¯p\n¶v ImWp¶Xv ASp¯ Ime¯mWv. Ignª \mepamkambn CXnhnsSbpsWvS¦nepw ASp¯ph¶v t\m¡m\pff AhkcapWvSmbn«nÃ. ]¨ sseäv an¶p¶ s]«nbpsS apIfnÂ Hcp \ncbnÂ Ipsd sseäpIfpÅ H¶cbnt©mfw L\apÅ Hcp sNdnb s]«n. AXnsâ ]pdInÂ \n¶papÅ hbÀ Ipd¨¸psdbpÅ sSent^mWnÂ LSn¸n¨ncn¡p¶p. cXojv ImÀ¯nIbpsS ]pdInÂs¨¶v izmkaS¡n¸nSn¨p \n¶p. cXojnsâ km¶n²yadnªns«t¶mWw ImÀ¯nI Xncnªpt\m¡n. `wKnbpff B NpWvSpIfpsS h{In¸p IWvS cXojn\v t]Snbmbn. AXn{Ian¨p IbdnbXnsât]cnÂ s]m«ns¯dn¡ptam? "F´mSm DWvS¡®m?' ImÀ¯nI tNmZn¨p. kam[m\ambn. A½ iImc`mh¯nÂ hnfn¡p¶XmWv "DWvS¡®m' F¶v. Xpdn¨ I®pw sXdn¨ _p²nbpamsW¶v CS¡nsS ]dbpw. F´mbmepw ImÀ¯nIbpsS kzc¯nse kvt\l`mhw cXojn\v ss[cyw \ÂIn. apJhpc IqSmsX Ah³ tNmZn¨p: "tN¨n, Cu kq{Xsas¶ ]Tn¸n¡ptam?' "F´v kq{Xw?' ImÀ¯nIbpsS kzc¯nÂ AÛpXhpw kwibhpw.

http://bluemangoa2z.50webs.com/

Iw]yq«dn\v t\sc XmSnsImWvSv NqWvSn cXojv ]dªp: "Cu kq{Xw!' "\n\¡v Iw]yq«À ]Tn¡Wsat¶m? \n\¡Xn\pff {]mbamtbm? H¼Xmw ¢mÊnÂ ]Tn¡p¶XtÃbpÅp \o?' "CXn\v {]mbsam¶pw thWvS. Fsâ ¢mÊnse kpa³ {]hÀ¯n¸n¡patÃm Iw]yq «À. ASp¯ sImÃw R§fpsS kvIqfnepw Iw]yq«À hcpw'. Xncn¡tkcbnÂ ImÀ¯nI Ah\`napJambn Xncnªncp¶p. CcpssIbpapbÀ¯n Ahsâ tXmfnÂ sh¨p. XWp¯ ]ªnsImWvSmWv B ssIIÄ DWvSm¡nbn«pÅsX¶h\v tXm¶n. cXojnsâ I®pIfnÂ t\m¡n ImÀ¯nI ]dªp: "\o kocnbÊmsW¦nÂ \ns¶ Rm³ ]Tn¸n¡mw. F´mbmepw C¶v \S¡nÃ. F\n¡v Ipdt¨sd ]WnbpWvSv. \msf apXÂ, cm{XnbnÂ H¡p¶ kabw. F´m, t]msc?' aXnsb¶v Xe Ipep¡n Ah³ apdnhn«v t]m¶p. ]ntä¶v, Xm³ Iw]yq«À ]Tn¡m³ t]mIp¶ hnhcw Ah³ A`nam\]qÀÆw Iq«qImtcmSv ]dªp. sshIpt¶cw A½ \maP]¯n\mbn ]qPmapdnbnÂ Ibdnbt¸mÄ Ah³ ImÀ¯nIbpsS apdnbnse¯n. tai¸pd¯v Iw]yq«dnsâ "sSenhnj ³' Hm^mbncp¶p. ImÀ¯nI InS ¡bnÂ N{aw ]Snªv apJw Ip\n¨ncn ¡pIbmWv. cXojv ASp¯p sN¶p. ImÀ¯nI aSnbnÂ Idp¸p \ndapÅ Hcp sIm¨p {_o^vtIkv Xpd¶psh¨psImWvSv AXn\Is ¯t´m sN¿p¶p. cXojv AhfpsS ]pdInÂ sN¶ncp¶p. AÛpXw! AXv shdpw s]«nbÃ þ Hcp C{µPmes¸«n. Xpd¶psh¨ncn¡p¶ s]«nbnÂ ssS¸vssdädnteXv t]mse I«IÄ. aqSnbpsS DÄ`mK¯v Iw]yq«dnsâ "sSenhnj³' t]msemcp kv{Io³ þ AXnÂ Hcp]Sw. ImÀ¯nI Ahs\ t\m¡n Nncn¨t¸mÄ Ah³ tNmZn¨p: "CsX´m, tN¨o?' "CXpw Iw]yq«À Xs¶. aSnbnÂ sh¨v {]hÀ¯n¸n¡mhp¶Xv. bm{X sN¿pt ¼msgms¡ D]tbmKn¡m\pffXv. em]vtSm¸v Iw]yq«À F¶v ]dbpw þ aSnbnÂ shbv¡p¶XmbXn\mÂ!' "At¸mÄ tai¸pd¯v shbv¡p¶Xn\v tS_nÄtSm¸v Iw]yq«À F¶mtWm ]dbpI?' "sUkvIvtSm¸v F¶v ]dtªm'. "Ìocntbm skäpw hm¡vta\pw t]mse, AtÃ?'

bm{XmthfIfnÂ aSnbnencp¶v tPmen sN¿p¶

em]vtSm]v Iw]yq«À

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"\o anSp¡\mWtÃm!' ImÀ¯nI Nncn¨psImsWvSgpt¶äp. b{´w Hm^m¡n, "s]«n' bS¨v, Sot¸mbn¡v apIfnÂ sh¨v taibv¡cnInse¯n. cXojv Ahsf Npän¸än \n¶p. "At¸mÄ \ap¡v XpS§mw?' ImÀ¯nI tNmZn¨p. BImsa¶h³ Xebm«n. tai¸pd¯ncn¡p¶ hnhn[ b{´kwhn[m\§Ä¡v apIfneqsS sam¯¯nÂ Hcph«w ssIhoin ImÀ¯nI ]dªp: "CXmWv ]n.kn.' "]n.kntbm? AXv t]meokv tIm¬Ì_nftÃ?' t]meokpImc\mbncp¶ AÑsâ \¼À HmÀ¯psImWvSv cXojv ]dªp. "t]meokv tIm¬Ì_nfpaÃ, ]n³tImUpaÃ, Cu ]n.kn. CXv t]gvkWÂ Iw]yq«À. F´m t]gvkWÂ F¶v ]dªmÂ?' "hyàn]cw'. "AsX. hyàn]camb, AYhm, hyàn¡v thWvSnbpÅ Iw]yq «À. aps¼ms¡, Iw]yq«À hym]IamIp¶Xn\p ap¼v, Hm^okpIfpsS Hcp {]tXyI Øm\¯v Øm]n¡s¸Sp¶ Hcp "hÀ¡v tÌj³' Bbncp ¶p Iw]yq«À. C¶pw AXpWvSv. ]n¶oSv Iw]yq«À, Htc Hm^oknse ¯s¶ hnhn[ DtZymKØcpsS kz´w D]tbmK¯n\mbn AhcpsS tai¸pd§fnse¯n. AYhm imkv{Xw A¯c¯nepÅ Iw]yq«À hnIkn¸ns¨Sp¯p. Atacn¡bnse International Business Machines

BWv CXv hnIkn¸n¨Xv.' "AXtÃ tN¨n IBM? tN«³ BZys¯ XhW IpsshänÂ \n¶v h¶t¸mÄ imen\nt¨¨n¡v Hcp IBM ssS¸vssdäÀ sImWvSph¶ncp ¶p.'

em]vtSm]v Iw]yq«À Ccn¡p¶Xv aSnbnemsW¦nÂ IoibnÂ HXp§nbncn¡p¶ {]bXv\imenbmWv t]m¡äv ]n.kn. C³^Àtaj\pw FâÀsSbn³saâpw; B[p\nI PohnX¯nÂ Iw]yq«À

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"AXpXs¶. IBMsâ kmt¦XnI hnZysb¸n ´pSÀ¶pWvSm¡nb t]gvkWÂ Iw]yq«dpIfpsS s]mXpt]cmWv IBM ]n.kn temI¯nse 95% Iw]yq«dpIfpw Cu t{iWnbnÂs¸Sp¶ XmWv. _m¡n A©v iXam\w B¸nÄ I¼\nbpsS amIv (Apple Mac - Macintosh) F¶p ]dbp¶ a¡ntâmjv Iw]yq«dpw.' "tN¨n, Ncn{Xsams¡ ]ns¶ ]Tn¡mw. BZyw Fs¶ CXv {]hÀ¯n¸n¡m³ ]Tn¸n¡v?' s]s«¶v tXm¶nb Hcp kzmX{´y¯nÂ cXojv ]dªp. "sImÅmw. Ccp¶n«v ImÂ \o«nbmÂ aXn, tIt«m. CsÃ¦nÂ \SphnSn¨v hogpw. A½ \maP]w IgnsªWoäp ImWpw. C\n DuWp IgnªmImw.' DuWp Ign¡p¶Xn\nSbnÂ ImÀ¯nI ]dªp: "At½, Rm³ IcpXnbXv Cu DWvS¡®³ \mWw IpWp§nbmsW¶m. H¶pa Ã. Ch³ Fs¶ Ifnbm¡m³ XpS§nbncn¡p¶p.' "B¬]ntÅctÃ tamtf. C§s\bm. kXoi\ntÃ, \nsâ `À¯mhv... ]¯mw ¢mkv Ignbp¶Xphsc cm{XnbnÂ aq{Xsamgn¡Wsa¦nÂ ]pdt¯¡v Rm³ IqSns ¨ÃWambncp¶p. {]oUn{Knbmbt¸mtg¡pw Hä¡h³ cm{Xn cWvSmas¯ kn\nabv¡v t]mIm³ XpS§n. "At¿m, At½, ad¶p. kXojnsâ CuþsabnÂ C¶se h¶Xm. adp]Sn Ab ¨nÃ. C¶v Xs¶ Abbv¡Ww. cmhnse CâÀs\äv IWIvSv sN¿m³ IgnªnÃ.' Xncn¨v ImÀ¯nIbpsS apdnbnÂ. Xncnbp¶ ItkcbpsS AcnInÂ asämcp Itkc hen¨n«v ImÀ¯nI cXojns\ ]nSn¨ncp¯n. cXojv tNmZn¨p: "tN¨n Ct¸mÄ¯s¶ CâÀs\änsâbpw Cuþsabnensâbpw Imcyw ]dªtÃm! ]{X¯nepw Øncambn ImWmdpWvSv. F´mWnh?' "temI¯nsâ ]e`mK§fnepÅ tImSn¡W ¡n\mfpIÄ Iw]yq«dneqsS ]ckv]cw _Ôs¸ Sp¶, hnhc§Ä tiJcn¡pIbpw ssIamdpIbpw, F´n\v, kwkmcn¡pIbpw ]ckv]cw ImWpIbpw hsc sN¿p¶ Hcp h³irwJebmWv CâÀs\äv. t]mtÌm^okneqsS I¯pIÄ sabnÂ sN¿p¶ Xpt]mse HcmÄ asämcmÄ¡v Iw]yq«À hgn sabnÂ Abbv¡p¶ kwhn[m\amWv CuþsabnÂ. Chsb´msW¶v hniZambn Rm³ ]n¶oSv \ns¶ ]Tn¸n¡mw. BZyw, t\cs¯ ]dªt]mse, Ccn¡mw. F¶n«v thWw Imev \o«m³. "Cu tai¸pd¯v \o F{X b{´§Ä ImWp ¶pWvSv?'

Iw]yq«À {]hÀ¯\§fpsS kncmtI{µamWv knÌw bqWnäv

cWvSp\nes¡«nS¯nsâ hen¸apÅXmbncp¶p BZyIw]yq«dmb F\ymIv

(ENIAC). F¶mÂ C¶v AXnsâ F{Xtbm Bbncw aS§v {]hÀ¯\

tijnbpÅ Iw]yq«dpIÄ tai¸pd¯pw aSnbnepw ssIshÅbnepw HXp

§p¶p. CeIvt{SmWnIv ssat{ImNn¸pIfpsS BKa\amWv hn¹hIcamb

Cu Iw]yq«À ]ptcmKXn¡v \nZm\w.

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cXojv F®n. "Cu Sn.hn, ssS¸vssdäÀ. s\«s\bncn¡p¶ s]«n. AXn\papIfnse sIm¨ps]«n. ssS¸vssdädnsâ heXp`mK¯ncn¡p¶, shfp¯, ssIbnsem Xp§p¶ B IpSp¡. ]ns¶ cWvSv kv]o¡dpw.' "B, CsXm¶pw thsdthsd b{´§fÃ. FÃmw Hcp b{´¯nsâ, Iw]yq«dnsâ ]e`mK§fmWv. CsXÃmw tNÀ¶XmWv Iw]yq«À. Cu b{´`mK§tfmtcm¶pw F{Xt ¯mfw \ÃXmtWm A{Xt¯mfw thKhpw Imcy£aXbpw Iw]yq«dnsâ {]hÀ¯ \¯nepw ImWpw. "\½psS {]hÀ¯\§sfb{Xbpw \nb{´n¡p¶Xv \½psS Xet¨mdmWtÃm. AXpt]mse Iw]yq«dnsâ akvXnjvIamWv þ Brain þ s\«s\bncn¡p¶ Cu s]«n. CXns\ hnfn¡p¶ t]cmWv CPU þ sk³{SÂ t{]mkÊnwKv bqWnäv.'

kn.]n.bp AYhm knÌw bqWnäv

ImÀ¯nI hniZoIcn¨p: "Iw]yq«dnsâ Xet¨msd¶v hnfn¡p¶ kn.]n.bp cWvSp Xcw N«¡qSpIfnÂ hcp¶p. H¶v CXpt]mse tai¸pd¯v s\«s\ \nÂ¡p¶Xv. CXv ShÀ ssS¸mWv. asäm¶v CXmWv. (ImÀ¯nI Hcp ]pkXIw Xpd¶v Hcp Nn{Xw cXojns\ ImWn¨p. AXnÂ s]«n ]c¶ XmWv. AcbSntbmfw I\¯nÂ. AXnsâ ap¼nepw Nne _«Wpw sseäpsaÃmapWvSv. tamWn«À sh¨ncn¡p¶Xv s]«n¡v apIfnemWv.) CXv, Énw sse³'. "B... CXmWv R§fpsS slUvankv{S Ênsâ ho«nencn¡p¶Xv!' "BImw. C\n \n\s¡mcp hm¡mbtÃm So¨sd hnfn¡m³. Énw _yq«n Iw]yq«À. AXpt] ms«. Iw]yq«dnsâ HmÀ½iànbpw \mUohyq lhpw FÃmw Cu kn.]n.bphn\I¯mWv.' "icnbmb AÀ°¯nÂ, Iw]yq«nwKv sN¿p¶ b{´w F¶ \ne¡v, Cu kn.]n.bp Xs¶bmWv Iw]yq«À. hnhc§Ä tiJcn ¡p¶Xpw XmcXayw sN¿p¶Xpw Iq«p¶Xpw Ipdbv¡p¶XpsaÃmw kn.]n.bphn¶I ¯mWv. C{µnb§fneqsS kwthZ\w sN¿s¸Sp¶ hnhc§sfSp¡p¶ \½psS akvXnjvIw t]mse'. "At¸mÄ CXn\pffnepw akvXnjvI¯nse t]mse \mUoX´p¡fpw ]e`mK §fpsams¡bptWvSm?' cXojn\v kwibw. "AtX t]msebsÃ ¦nepw... DWvSv. AXv Rm³ ]n¶oSv ]dªpXcmw. \ap¡v thWvS Imcy§Ä \mw kn.]n.bphn\v \ÂIp¶p. kn.]n.bphn \pffnÂ Ah kwkvIcn ¡s¸Sp¶p, kq£n¡s¸

Iw]yq«dn\v \mw \ÂIp¶ hnhc§Ä HmÀ½bnÂ kq£n¡p¶ sa½dn ImÀUpIfpw hnhc§fpsS Iehdbmb lmÀUvUnkvIpw Bhiym\pk

cWw Umä kwkvIcn¡p¶ t{]mkÊdpIfpw FÃmw `{Zambn AS

¡nbncn¡p¶ Iym_n\ämWv knÌw bqWnäv.

http://bluemangoa2z.50webs.com/

Sp¶p, Bhiykab¯v B hnhc§Ä \mw ]cntim[n ¡p¶p...' "AXv icn. ]t£, kn.]n.bphn\v \mw F§s\bmWv hnhc§Ä \ÂIp¶Xv?' cXojn\v hoWvSpw kwibw. "AXn\mWv Cu cWvSv km[\§Ä. CXv Iot_mÀUv. I¿nsemXp§p¶ Cu sIm¨pIpSp¡bmWv aukv. AsX, HcÀ°¯nÂ Hcp NpsWvSen.' "FÃmw ]dªpXcmw.'

t{]mkÊÀ

"F´mWv tN¨n Cu s]ânbw?' "AXmWv ]dbm³ t]mIp¶Xv. CâÀs\äntâXmb Cu ]pXnb ImeL«¯nÂ ]n.knbnse Gähpw {][m \s¸« `mKw t{]mkÊdmWv. CXpw kn.]n.bphn\I ¯mWv. CXnsâ tijnbmWv Iw]yq«dnsâ thKX \nÀ®bn¡p¶Xv. t{]mkÊdnsâ thKXbf¡p¶Xv Bhr¯nbpsS bqWnämb saKm slÀSvknÂ (Mega Hertz - MHz) BWv. "CâÂ I¼\n Cd¡p¶ Iw]yq«À ssat{Imt{]mkÊdmWv Pentium. CXnsâ ]e XeapdIfpWvSv. Pentium I, II, III... Hmtcm ]pXnb Xeapdbpw thK¯nsâ ]gb AXnÀ¯nIÄ ewLn¡p¶p. 100 MHz, 300 MHz, 550 MHz, 650 MHz, 700 MHz

F¶n§s\. Pentium III 700 MHz t{]mkÊdmWv \½psS ]n.knbnÂ. Ct¸mÄ, Hcp KnKm slÀSvkntesd t{]mkÊnwKv kv]oUpÅ Pentium 4-Dw Cd§n¡gnªp. thKX bnse Cu IqSpXe\pkcn¨v t{]mkÊdnsâ hnebpw IqSpw.'

dmw (RAM)

"Iw]yq«dnsâ ]cky§fnÂ Øncambn ImWp¶ Hcp hm¡mWtÃm tN¨n dmw. Fsâ [mcW CXv RUM F¶Xv A£c¸niIv h¶v RAM BbXmsW¶mWv. kpa \mWv ]dªXv AXv RAM Xs¶bmsW¶v,' cXojv Nncn¨p. "\n\¡v RUM Ft¶ HmÀ½ hcq. IpSnb\mb AÑsâ apSnb\mb ]p{X\mWtÃm!' ImÀ¯nI Ifnbm¡n.

Iw]yq«dnsâ {]hÀ¯\tijn Bbnc¡W¡n\v

kÀIyq«pIfpÅ C¯cw

Ipcp¶pNn¸pIsf

B{ibn¨mWv

http://bluemangoa2z.50webs.com/

"tZ... AÑ\v ]dªmepWvStÃm!' "t]ms«Sm DWvS¡®m. \nsâ AÑ³ Fsâ A½mbnbÑ\tÃ! \ap¡v RAM-sâ Imcyw ]dbmw. RAM F¶mÂ Random Access Memory. Iw]yq«dnsâ XmÂ¡menI HmÀ½iàn. Iw]yq«dnÂ \mw tPmen sNbvXpsImWvSncn¡pt¼mÄ kPohambncn ¡p¶Xv Cu sa½dnbmWv. t{]m{Kmapw \mw sImSp¡p¶ hnhchpamsbÃmw XmcXay §Ä \S¯p¶Xv Cu sa½dnbmWv. CXv saKmss_ävknemWv Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv. Iw]yq«À hm§pt¼mÄ {]tXyIw Adnbnt¡WvS Hcp tIm¬^nKtdj\mWv F{X MB RAM thWsa¶Xv. ctWvSm \mtem MB apXet§m«v ]e tijnbnepw RAM ImÀUv e`n¡pw.' "Ct¸mÄ Cd§p¶ an¡ t{]m{KmapIÄ¡pw hfsc IqSnb RAM BhiyamWv. DZmlcW¯n\v, Nn{X§Ä sh¨v sN¿p¶ t^mt«mtjm¸v F¶ t{]m{Kmw Npcp§nbXv 32MB DsWvS¦nte {]hÀ¯n¡q. RAM Ft¸mgpw HcÂ¸w IqSnbncp¡p¶Xv \Ã XmWv. Cu Iw]yq«dnÂ C«ncn¡p¶Xv 128MB RAM BWv. Iw]yq«dnse dmw IqSp XÂ ImÀUpIÄ hm§nbn«v Iq«mhp¶XmWv.' ImÀ¯nI ]dªp. "AXp icnbm. d½nsâ Afhv IqSp¶ Znhk§fnÂ AÑ\v DuÀÖkzeXbpw IqSmdpWvSv'. cXojv Nncn¨p.

lmÀUv UnkvIv ss{Uhv (HDD)

"Iw]yq«dn\v \mw \ÂIp¶ hnhc§Ä tiJcn¡s¸Sp¶Xv kn.]n.bphn\I¯v LSn¸n¨ncn¡p¶ lmÀUv Unkv¡nemWv. CXns\ tS¸vsdt¡mÀUdnÂ CSp¶ tS¸nt\ mSv D]an¡mw. CXnsâ tijnbmWv Iw]yq«dnsâ hnhckw`cWtijn. "Hcp ]Xn\©v hÀjw ap¼v, ]n.kn AXnsâ _mey¯nembncp¶ Ime¯v, lmÀUv UnkvInsâ I¸mknän ]dªncp¶Xv Intemss_äv IW¡nembncp¶p. (KB -

Dt±iw Bbncw ss_äpIÄ). ]n¶oSXv saKmss_ämbn (MB - Zie£w ss_äp IÄ). Ct¸mÄ AXv KoKmss_äv IW¡nemWv ]dbp¶Xv. (GB - Bbncw saKmss_ äv). \nehnÂ e`yamb lmÀUv Unkv¡pIfpsS I¸mknän 20 GBbpw 30 GBbpw Hs¡bmWv. "Cu Iw]yq«dnse lmÀUv UnkvIv 20 GBbmWv. Cu ]¨ sseäv sXfnbp¶ntÃ. lmÀUv UnkvIv tPmen sN¿pt¼mgmWv CXv sXfnbp ¶Xv.

^vtfm¸n ss{Uhv (FD Drive)

" l m À U v UnkvInse Øew D] tbmKn¡msX, hnhc §Ä tiJcn¨v tS¸v sdt¡mÀUdnse Imk äpIÄ t]mse ]pdta kq£n¡mhp¶ hnhc

Iw]yq«dnsâ hnhctiJcW tI{µamb lmÀUv UnkvIv

(]ÝmXe¯nÂ

UnkvInsâ DÄ`mKw)

http://bluemangoa2z.50webs.com/

kw`cW D]m[nbmWv ^vtfm¸n UnkvIv. kn.]n.bphnse ZoÀLN Xpc¯nepff Cu Zzmcw ImWp¶ntÃ. aq¶c C©v hoXnbpw AtX \ofhpapÅ ]c¶ Cu ^vtfm¸n UnkvIv te_Â apIfn te¡p hcpwhn[w CXnÂ \nt£]n¨v, Iw]yq«dnÂ \n¶pw hnhc§Ä \ap¡v ^vtfm¸n UnkvInÂ tiJcn¡mw. 1.44 MB

BWv Hcp ^vtfm¸n UnkvInsâ kw`cWtijn.' "^vtfm¸n UnkvIv ss{Uhv {]hÀ¯\¯nencn¡pt¼mÄ Cu ]¨ sseäv sXfnªncn¡pw. Cu _«WnÂ C§s\ ]nSn ¨aÀ¯nbmÂ ^vtfm¸n UnkvIv ]pd¯phcpw.' ImÀ¯nI Ah \Xv F§s\sb¶v ImWn¨p sImSp¯p. cXojn\v kwibw: "20 GB tijnbpÅ lmÀUv UnkvIv FhnsS InS¡p¶p, 1.44 MB tijn am{XapÅ ^vtfm¸n UnkvIv FhnsS InS¡p¶p!' "\n\¡v Imcyadnbmw', ImÀ¯nI XpSÀ¶p. "lmÀUv UnkvIv Xs¶bmWv hoc³. ]t£, ^vtfm¸n UnkvIv AXymhiy amWv. Hcp Iw]yq«dnÂ \n¶v asäm¶nte ¡v sNdnb ^bepIÄ sImWvSpt]mIW sa¦nÂ Chsb B{ibnt¡WvSnhcpw.'

kn.Untdmw ss{Uhv

"CsX´n\m tN¨n, CsXms¡ ChnsS sh¨ncn¡p¶Xv?' AS¡nsh¨ncn¡p¶ tImw]mIväv UnkvIpIÄ NqWvSn¡m«n cXojv tNmZn¨p. "AXtÃSm kn.Un? \o kn.Un t¹bdn Â ]m«v tIÄ¡mdntÃ? hoUntbm kn.Unbn«v kn\nabpw ImWmdntÃ? Iw]yq« dnepw CsXms¡ km²yamWv. AXn\mWv CPU-hnsâ apIÄ`mK¯mbpÅ Cu kn.Un þtdmw ss{Uhv. tdmw F¶mÂ Read Only Memory. ^vtfm¸n UnkvIntet¸mse CXnÂ \aps¡m¶pw tcJs¸Sp¯m\mhnÃ. CXnÂ Hcn¡Â tcJs¸Sp¯nbXv ImWpItbm tIÄ¡pItbm sN¿mt\ Ignbq. Xmsgbpff _«¬ D]tbmKn¨v CXv Xpd¡pIbpw AS¡pIbpw sN¿mw. aukp] tbmKn¨v \nÀt±i§Ä \ÂInbpw sN¿mw. CXnsâ Imcy£aXbnepw hen¸s¨dp¸§fpWvSv. Cu CD Drive 52x BWv. CDIÄ km[mcW Hcp GBbn Â Ipdhv kw`cWtijnbpÅ hbmWv. ChbpsS ]eaS§v tijnbpÅ tImw]mIväv Unkv¡p IÄ e`n¡p¶pWvSv. DVDIÄ F¶mWv ChbpsS t]cv þ Digital Versatile Disks.'

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Iot_mÀUpw aukpw

"Cu Iot_mÀUnÂ, ssS¸vssd ädpIfnÂ DÅXnt\¡mÄ IpSpXÂ _«WpIfpWvStÃm!' cXojv AÛp Xs¸«p. "]n¶ntÃSm DWvS¡®m. ssS¸vssdäÀ ssS¸vssdädpw Iw]yq «À Iw]yq«dpamWv. F´n\mWv C{Xtbsd IoIÄ F¶v hgnsb ]dªp Xcmw. "Iw]yq«dn\v hnhc§Ä \ÂIm \mWv Iot_mÀUv F¶p ]d ªtÃm! hnhc§Ä \ÂIp¶Xv am{XaÃ, \mw sN¿m\m{Kln¡p¶ sXs´¶v Iw]yq«dnt\mSv IÂ¸n¡p ¶Xpw Iot_mÀUpw aukpw D] tbmKn¨mWv. aukn\msW¦nÂ Iev]\ þ command þ ]pds¸Sphn¡pI F¶ [À½ta {][m\ambpÅq. Nne {]tXyI t{]m{KmapIfnÂ hnhc§Ä \ÂIm\pw aukv D]tbmKn¡m³ Ignbpw!' "t{]m{Kmtam? AXv ]cn]mSnbtÃ. Iw]yq«dnÂ F´v t{]m{Kmw?' cXojn\v ]nSnIn«nbn Ã. "AsXms¡bpWvSv. \o FÃmw ]Tn¡pw. Ct¸mÄ CXv tIÄ¡v'. ImÀ¯nI XpSÀ¶p. "ssS¸vssdädnteXv t]mse¯s¶ Cu asdfDw ;lkjhDw D]tbmKn¨v \n\¡mhiyap ffXv ssS¸v sN¿mw. ]t£, ChnsS ssS¸v sN¿pt¼mÄ ISemkneÃ A£c §Ä ]XnbpI. Cu s{_bn\n\Is¯ Hcp {]tXyI kwhn[m\¯nemWv. AXpt] mse Cu NpsWvSenbpsS XebnÂ cWvSv _«¬ ItWvSm? CXp]tbmKn¨v Iw]yq« dn\v \nÀt±i§Ä \ÂImw.' "tN¨n, F\ns¡mcp kwibw.' "Hcmbncw kwibw tNmZns¡Sm'. "Cu Iot_mÀUnÂ ssS¸v sN¿pt¼mÄ s{_bn\mb kn.]n.bphn\I¯v ]Xnbp ¶Xv \½sf§s\bm AdnbpI? ssS¸v sN¿p¶Xv sXänt¸mbmtem?' sIm¨pkwibw. "AXns\ms¡ kq{XapsWvSSm'. ImÀ¯nI CXn \Iw Iw]yq«À "Hm¬' sNbvXncp¶p. MS Word F¶ t{]m{Kmambncp¶p Iw]yq«dnÂ. "AXn\mWv Cu tamWn«À.'

tamWn«À

"tamWn«tdm? AXv ¢mknetÃ?' cXojv Xsâ Adnhv ]dªp.

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ImÀ¯nI Nncn¨p. "¢mÊnepw tamWn«dpWvSv. Bs«, ¢mÊnse tamWn«dpsS ]Wnsb ´mWv?' "F´v ]Wn? ¢mÊnÂ \nco£Ww \S¯Ww. hnIrXn ImWn¡p¶hsc IWvSp ]nSn¡Ww. Bhiy§Ä DÅhtcmSv Imcyw Xnc¡Ww, A§s\. tamWn«À F¶p ]dªmÂ¯s¶ \nco£I³ F¶tÃ AÀ°w?' ImÀ¯nI hoWvSpw Nncn¨p. "anSp¡³! ChnsSbpw AXp Xs¶bÀ°w. \o Iot_mÀUneqsSbpw aukneqsSbpw \ÂIp¶ hnhc§sfbpw, Ahsb Iw]yq«À kwkvIcn¡p¶Xpsams¡ \nco£n¡m\pÅXmWv sSenhnj³ t]mse ImWp¶ Cu tamWn«À. CXpItWvSm? Rm³ \nsâ t]cv ssS¸v sNbvXXv ChnsS sXfnªncn ¡p¶p. "CXv IfÀ tamWn« dmWv. Sn.hn t]mse, tamWn«dpw, Ifdpw »m¡v & sshäpw DWvSv. »m¡v & sshän\v tamtWmt{Imw F¶p ]dbpw. 15 C©v, 17 C©v F¶n§s\ ]ehep¸ ¯nepw tamWn«dpIfp WvSv. CXv 15 C©mWv. ap¼v, A£c§fpw A¡§fpw am{Xw Iw]yq«À ssIImcyw sNbvXncp¶ Ime¯mbncp ¶p tamtWmt{Imw tamWn«dpIÄ hym]Iambn cp¶Xv. Ct¸mÄ an¡ hmdpw t]À hm§p¶Xv IfdmWv. Nn{X§Ä AXpt]mse¯s¶ ImWmatÃm! kn\nab S¡w!' A t ¸ m g m W v kv]o¡dpIÄ cXojnsâ {i²bnÂs¸«Xv. "CsX´n\m kv]o¡À?' "euUv kv]o¡dpIÄ F´n\m? i_vZw tIÄ¡m³. ]m«ptIÄ¡m³'. ]dbp¶ Xn\nSbnÂ ImÀ¯nI aukv sImWvSv Ft´m sN¿p¶pWvSmbncp¶p. s]s«¶Xm "ZnÂtktc ...' F¶ Km\w. "lu....' Fs¶mcÛpXkzcw cXojnÂ \n¶pw. "CXv Iw]yq«dnÂ \n¶mtWm?' "AÃmsX ]ns¶?' ]m«v ImÀ¯nI \nÀ¯n.

tamsUw

kn.]n.bphn\v apIfnÂ sh¨ncp¶, sseäpIfpsS \ncbpÅ, ]pdInÂ \n¶pw

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Hcp hbÀ \oWvSp\n¶ sIm¨ps]«n cXojv s]m¡nsbSp¯p. "CXmWtÃ tamsUw?' Ah³ tNmZn¨p. "At¸mÄ \n\¡dnbmatÃm!' ImÀ¯nI AXnibw {]ISn¸n¨p. "Hm, AXv CXnsâ apIfnÂ FgpXnbn«p WvStÃm!' cXojnsâ kzc¯nÂ IpkrXn. "FSm IÅm. B, AXv t]ms«. CXv Xs¶bmWv tamsUw. tamsUw F¶mÂ tamUpteäÀþUnþtamUpteäÀ. sSent^mWneqsS _Ôs¸Sp¯nb cWvSv Iw]yq«dp IÄ¡nSbnse knáepIsf Iw]yq«dn\pw sSent^mWn\pw a\ÊnemIp¶ CeIvt{Sm WnIvþCeIv{SnIv `mjIfnte¡v amäpIbpw adn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ hoc³. t\cs¯ ]dª CâÀs\äpw Cuþsabnepsams¡ CXns\ B{ibn¨mWncn¡p¶Xv. CâÀs\ änsâ BhnÀ`mh¯n\v ap¼pw, ]t£, tamsU¯n\v tdmfpWvSmbncp¶p.' "F´m tN¨n CXnsâ apIfnÂ 56 kbps Fs¶gpXnbncn¡p¶Xv?' "AXv knáepIÄ kzoIcn¡m\pw Abbv¡m\papÅ tijnbmWv. 56 kbps F¶p ]dªmÂ sk¡ânÂ 56,000 ss_ävkv F¶v kmcw. ss_ävkv F´msW¶v Rm³ ]n¶oSv ]dbmw.'

kvIm\À

"tN¨n t\ct¯ tamWn«dnsâ Imcyw ]dªt¸mÄ, Iw]yq«dnÂ Nn{X§fpsaSp¡msa¶v ]d ªtÃm! AsX§s\bmWv?' cXojv tNmZn¨p. "\nsâ HmÀ½iàn sImÅmat Ãm!' ImÀ¯nI Ahs\ A`n\ µn¨p. Aht\mSv Iw]yq«dncp¶ taitbmSv tNÀ¯n« taibnÂ t\m¡m³ ]dªp. "Cu ZoÀLNXp cs¸«nbntÃ? CXm, CXv Xpd ¶mÂ Hcp kv^SnI {]XeamWv. ItWvSm! CXnt·Â t^mt«m Iangv¯nshbv¡pI.' taihen¸nÂ \n¶v Hcp t^mt«msbSp¯v kvIm\dnÂ sh¨v AS¸p sImWvSpaqSnsh ¨p ImÀ¯nI. "CXn\pw Rm³ t\cs¯ ]dªt]mse Hcp {]tXyI t{]m{Kmap WvSv. CXmWv ^vfmävs_Uv kvIm\À.' ImÀ¯nI t{]m{Kmw Xpd¶p. tamWn«dnÂ B t{]m{Kmansâ Unkvt¹ h¶p. aukv ]ehgn¡p \o¡pIbpw "sR¡p'Ibpsams¡ sNbvXp ImÀ¯nI. kvIm\À {]hÀ¯n¨p XpS§nbXv AXnsâ Hcp aqfenÂ \n¶pw cXojv a\Ênem¡n. XqshÅ \ndapÅ Hcp {]Imiw kvIm\dnsâ DÅneqsS \o§p ¶Xh³ IWvSp. AXm ImÀ¯nIbpsS Xs¶ Hcp Nn{Xw tamWn«dnÂ þ hÀ®Nn{Xw. "C\n CXns\mcp ^bÂs\bnw sImSp¯v tkhv sNbvXmÂ CXv Iw]yq«dnÂ Øncambn DWvSmIpw.' "^bÂs\bnw? tkhv? F´m AXv?' cXojn\v H¶pw a\ÊnembnÃ.

CâÀs\äv IWIvjsâ Imcy£aX tamsU¯nsâ{]hÀ¯\tijnsb¡qSn B{ibn¨ncn¡p¶p.

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"B AhntSbvs¡¯mdmbn«nÃ. AXn\p ap¼v C\nbpw lmÀUvshbdpIsf¡pdn ¨v ]Tn¡m\pWvSv'. "lmÀUvshbtdm?' hoWvSpw AÛpXw cXojn\v. "AsX. Iw]yq«dnsâ b{´`mK§Ä. lmÀUvshbÀ þ D]IcWhn`mKw. kn.]n.bp, Io t_mÀUv.... CXphsc \o IWvSsXÃmw lmÀUvshbÀ'. "At¸mÄ tkm^vävshbdpw DWvSmIpatÃm! Hm, ]{X]cky§fnÂ IWvSn«pWvSv. Wanted software developer...' "AsX, tkm^vävshbdpw DWvSv. AXpw Rm³ ]Tn¸n¨pXcmw'. "At¸mÄ, anÊnkv kXojv, ASp¯ lmÀUvshbÀ GXmWv?' I]SKuch¯nÂ cXojnsâ tNmZyw. "Printer, Sir.'

{]nâÀ

kvIm\dn\pw A¸pd ¯ncn¡p¶ shfp¯ henb s]«n ImÀ¯nI cXojn\v ImWn¨psIm Sp¯p. "Iw]yq«dnepÅ hnhc ¯nsâ tIm¸n {]nâ v sNbvsXSp¡m\mWnXv. Iw]yq«dnsâ tamWnädnÂ Ct¸mÄ ImWp¶X¸ Sntbm \n\¡njvSapÅ ^btem C§s\ {]nâ v sNbvsXSp¡mw'. "tN¨n, AXn\papIfn Â, HP Laserjet Fs¶gpXnbn cn¡p¶tÃm!. "DWvSv. HP F¶Xv I¼ \nbpsS t]cmWv þ Hewlett

Packard. Laserjet F¶Xv {]nâdpw. Laser, inkjet, dot

matrix F¶n§s\ aq¶v hn[apWvSv {]nâÀ.' "AsX´n\m aq¶v Xcw?' CXv Laser {]nâÀ. Laser civanbpsS klmb¯memWv Cu {]nâdnsâ {]hÀ¯\w. Printout NqSm

_nkn\Êv Bhiy§Ä¡v A\ptbmPyw tekÀ{]nâdmWv

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¡nbn«mWv ]pd¯phnSp¶Xv. AXn\mÂ AXv XnI¨pw DW§nbXmbncn¡pw. CXn \I¯nSp¶ hneIqSnb Hcp ImSvdnUvPnÂ \n¶mWv CXn\mhiyamb cmkhkvXp hcp¶Xv. CXv »m¡v {]nâdmWv. Ifdnepw CXv e`yamWv. ]s£, henb hnebmIpw.' "At¸mÄ C¦vsPtäm?' "C¦vsPäv {]nâdn\v hneIpdbpw. CXnse sNdnb ImSvdnUnPnÂ \n¶v t]¸dnte ¡v ajn NoänbmWnXv {]nâ v sN¿p¶Xv. CXpw IfdnÂ e`n¡pw. tekÀ {]nâÀ Xcp¶ {]nânsâb{Xbpw "^n\njnwKv' CXn\v In«nÃ. F¶mÂ tekÀ {]nâdnt\ ¡mÄ {]hÀ¯\s¨ehv IqSpXembncn¡pw.' "{]nâdnÂ t]¸dnsâb{Xbpw hoXnbnÂ het¯m«pw CSt¯m«pw HmSn \S¶v, tUm«pIÄ (Ip¯pIÄ) {]nâ v sNbvXv A£c§fpw Nn{X§fpw BteJ\w sN¿p¶ {]nâdmWv dot matrix {]nâÀ. ssS¸vssdädnset¸mse dnº¬ Xs¶bmWnXnÂ D] tbmKn¡p¶Xv. dnºWn« ImSvdnUvPv CXn\mbn e`n¡pw.' "ISbnÂ \n¶v In«p¶ _nÃv ASn¡p¶ {]nâÀ CXtÃ. IvÀ..IvÀ...F¶ i_vZ ¯nÂ AXv hÀ¡v sN¿p¶Xv Rm³ IWvSn«pWvSv,' cXojv Xsâ Adnhv ]dªp. ^vfmkvInÂ \n¶pw Hcp ¥mÊnte¡v Im¸n ]IÀ¶v ImÀ¯nI cXojn\v \ÂIn. "ChbmWv Iw]yq«dnsâ {][m\ lmÀUvshbdpIÄ. C\n CXntemtcm¶nsâbpw `mK§Ä hniZambn ]Tn¡mw.' "AXn\v ap¼v F\ns¡m¶v ]pd¯pt]mIWw.' Hcp hncÂ DbÀ¯n¡m«n cXojv ]dªp. Xncn¨ph¶ cXojv ]dªp: "Ct¸mÄ GXmsWvSmcp sse³ ]nSnIn«n. \msf kpa³ ¢mÊnÂ h¶v Ahsâ Iw]yq«À I¯nsbSp¡s«. XIÀ¯psImSp¡pw. ]ns¶ tN¨o, Iot_mÀUnse C{Xtbsd IoIfpsS Imcyw hniZoIcn¨nÃtÃm!' cXojv Ccn ¡m³ Xs¶ Xocpam\n¨ncn¡pIbmWv. "tkm^vävshbÀ \msf. Ct¸mÄ t]mbn tlmwhÀ¡v sNbvXv InS¶pd§v.' ImÀ¯nI tIm«phmbn«p. "F\n¡v \msf t\ct¯ Hm^oknÂ t]mIWw. Hcp ]pXnb t{]m{Kmw sNbvXv XoÀ¡m\pWvSv.'

Npcp-¡-¯nÂ...

hyànIÄ¡v kz´hpw kzX{´hpambn D]tbmKn¡m³ t]gvkWÂ Iw]yq«À l Iw]yq«dnsâ {]hÀ¯\§f{Xbpw \S¡p¶Xv knÌw bqWnänÂ l Iw]yq«À sN¿p¶

{]hr¯nIÄ IWvSdnbm³ tamWn«À l hnhc§Ä tiJcn¡m³ knÌw bqWnän¶I¯v

lmÀUv UnkvIv ss{Uhv l hnhc§Ä tiJcn¨v Iw]yq«dn\v ]pd¯v kq£n¡m³ ^vtfm¸n

UnkvIv ss{Uhv l ]m«ptIÄ¡m\pw kn\na ImWm\pw, t{]m{KmapIÄ Iw]yq«dnÂ

tNÀ¡m\pw aäpw knUnþtdmw ss{Uhv l t{]mkÊdnsâ tijnbmWv Iw]yq«À Imcy£

aXbpsS {]Ya ASn¯d l Iw]yq«dn\v Iev]\IÄ \ÂIm³ aukv l Iw]yq«dnÂ hnhc

§Ä tNÀ¡m\pw IamâpIÄ sImSp¡m\pw Iot_mÀUv l Iw]yq«dnse hnhc§Ä

A¨Sn¡m³ {]nâÀ l Iw]yq«dnte¡v Nn{X§Ä tNÀ¡m³ kvIm\À l sSent^m¬

hgn Iw]yq«dns\ CâÀs\äv temIhpambn _Ôn¸n¡m³ tamsUw

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2 Iw]yq-«-dnsâ IÀ½-_-Ô-§Ä

BZyZnhkw ]qÀ¯nbm¡m³ IgnbmXncp¶ lmÀUvshbÀ hniZmwi§Ä ImÀ¯nI ]ntä¶v cXojns\ ]Tn¸n¨p. "Iw]yq«À D]tbmKn¡p¶bmÄ AXnsâbpÅnÂ \S¡p¶ {]hÀ¯\§sf ¡pdn¨v hniZambn Adnªncn¡Wsa¶nÃ. ImtdmSn¡p¶bmÄ AXnsâ b{´{] hÀ¯\§fpsS FIvkvs]À«v AÃtÃm! F¶ncp¶mepw ¢¨nsâ {]hÀ¯\sas ´¶pw ÌnbdnwKv F{]Imcw {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p F¶pw Adnbp¶Xpt]mse Iw]yq «dnsâ lmÀUvshbÀ `mK§sf¡pdn¨pw kmam\yamb Hcp hnÚm\w BhiyamWv. AXn\memWv Rm³ C{Xtbsd hniZoIcn¨Xv', Iw]yq«À "Hm¬' sNbvXpsImWvSv ImÀ¯nI ]dªp. cXojn\v kwibw: "\mw \ÂIp¶ hnhc§Ä Iw]yq«dnse¯p¶Xpw AXv Iw]yq«À Xncn¨v \s½ ImWn¨pXcp¶Xpw FXphgnbv¡mWv, tN¨n?' "AXmWn\n ]dbm³ t]mIp¶Xv.'

tkm¡äpIfpw t]mÀ«pIfpw

"\obo knÌw bqWnänsâ ]pdInÂ H¶v t\m¡v', ImÀ¯nI ]dªp. cXojn\ÛpXw. "ât½m! sZ´mXv? hbdpw ¹¤pw Hs¡¡qSnsbmcp PKs]mK!' "AXmWv Iw]yq«dnsâ DuÀÖþhnhc hn\nab]mXIÄ.'

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"knÌw bqWnän\v ]pdInÂ cWvSv tkm¡äpIÄ ImWpw þ ]hÀ tkm¡ äpIÄ. CXnsem¶v Iw]yq«dnte¡v sshZypXn {]hln¸n¡p¶ AC

(AÄ«Àt\äv Idâ v) sabn\n¶pÅ XmWv. ASp¯ tkm¡änÂ \n¶mWv tamWn«dnte¡pÅ sshZypXn hnXcWw sN¿s¸Sp¶Xv. CXm, apIfnÂ ImWp¶ cWvSv I\¯ ¹¤pIÄ ItWvSm! AsX, AhXs¶. sabn \nÂ\n¶v t\cn«v sshZypXn kzoIcn ¡p¶ tamWn«dpIfpapWvSv.' "]ns¶bpw Iptd ¹¤pIfpw tkm¡äpIfpw ImWp¶pWvStÃm!' "Ahsb \½Ä t]mÀ«pIÄ F¶v hnfn¡p¶p. icn¡pw t]mÀ«v, XpdapJw Xs¶. AhnsS\n¶v hnhc§fpsS I¸epIÄ AIt¯¡pw ]pdt¯¡pw {]hln ¡p¶p!' "F§s\?' Hcp ZoÀLNXpc tkm¡änÂ Ipsd ]n¶pIÄ ImWs¸Sp¶ t]mÀ«nÂ ¹Kv AaÀ¯n ImÀ¯nI ]dªp: "CXmWv {]nâ dnte¡v Iw]yq«À hnhc §Ä ssIamdp¶ ]mce Â t]mÀ«v. {]nâdpambn CPU Bibhn\nabw \S¯p¶Xpw Cu t]mÀ«neqsSbmWv.' "sImÅmatÃm, XpdapJw!' "AsX, IgnªnÃ. CXv hoUntbm t]mÀ«v!' asämcp ¹KvþC³ knÌw NqWvSn ImÀ¯nI ]dªp. "Cu t]mÀ«nÂ LSn¸n¨ tI_nfmWv CPUþhn\pw tamWn«dn\pw CSbnse hnhchn\nab sslth. Ch IqSmsX, aukpw tamsUhpw CPUþhpambn kwhZn ¡p¶ kocnbÂ t]mÀ«pfpapWvSv', aäv cWvSv tkm¡äpIÄ NqWvSn¡m«n ImÀ¯nI hniZo Icn¨p. "C\n ImWp¶ t]mÀ«mWv Iot_mÀUns\ knÌw bqWnäpambn _Ôn ¸n¡p¶Xv.'

Iw]yq«dnÂ Plug-and-Play kuIcyw DsWvS¦nÂ ]pXnsbmcp Plug-and-

Play lmÀUvshbÀ knÌ¯nÂ tNÀ¯tijw (DZm: tamsUw), ASp¯

XhW ÌmÀ«v sN¿pt¼mÄ ]pXnb lmÀUvshbdns\ AXp Xncn¨dnbpw.

USB (Universal Serial Bus) t]mÀ«pÅ Iw]yq«dnÂ knÌw Hm^v

sN¿msX Xs¶ ]pXnb lmÀUvshbdpIÄ tNÀ¡mw.

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"At¸mÄ kvIm\dn\v CPUþhpambn _ÔamhiyantÃ?' B Hcp t]mÀ«v am{Xw ImWm¯Xv cXojns\ AÛpXs¸Sp¯n. "anSp¡³ Xs¶ DWvS¡®³. ]ns¶, Iw]yq«dpambn _Ôs¸Sp¯msX kvIm\À sImsWvS´p Imcyw? Cu Iw]yq«dnÂ Hcp kq{X¸Wn {]tbmKn¨ncn ¡pIbmWv. ChnsS kvIm\dnÂ \n¶pamWv {]nâdnte¡v IWIvj³.' "Fât½m! hbdpIfpsS Hcp temIw!' "hbdpIfpsSbÃ. hbdpIfmÂ _Ôn¸n¡s¸« b{´`mK§fpsS AÛp XtemIw!' Iw]yq«dnsâ tamWn«dnÂ CSXphi¯v apIfnÂ \n¶v Xmtg¡v cWvSp aq¶p hcnbnÂ Iptd sIm¨pNn{X§fpw Fs´ms¡tbm t]cpIfpw hÀ®`wKntbmsS sXfnªp \n¶p. kv{Io\nse _m¡n `mKw kzÑamb \oemImiw. ImÀ¯nI Itkcbnencp ¶v Hcp aª¯pWnsb Sp¯v tamWn«dn\p apIfnse s]mSn XpS¨p. A½ I®S XpSbv ¡m\p]tbmKn¡p¶Xp t]mepÅ XpWn. Iot_mÀUv apt¶m«v XÅnsh¨v cXojnt\mSv ASp¯pÅ Itkcbnencn¡m³ ]dªp. At¸mgmWv cXojv Iot_mÀUnsâ Imcyw HmÀ¯Xv. "tN¨n, Iot_mÀUns\¡pdn ¨v hniZambn ]n¶oSv ]dªp Xcmsa¶tÃ ]dªXv?' cXojv tNmZn¨p. "AsX, ]dªp XcmatÃm!'

Iot_mÀUv

ImÀ¯nI aukv ]nSn¨v \o¡pIbpw Iptd "¢n¡v' sN¿pIbpw sNbvXp. Iw]yq «À tamWn«dnsâ kv{Io\nÂ ]e NXpc¡ÅnIÄ sXfnªphcnIbpw A{]Xy£ amhpIbpw sNbvXp. HSphnÂ Cw¥ojnepÅ Hcp I¯v kv{Io\nÂ sXfnªp \n¶p. "C\n {i²nt¨mfq', ImÀ¯nI ]dªp. IgvkÀ I¬t{SmÄ "Iw]yq«dnÂ \½Ä F¯ns¸Sp¶ Øm\w ImWn¨pXcp ¶ kqNIamWv Cu tUmIypsaânsâ XpS¡¯nembn sXfnbp Ibpw adbpIbpw sN¿p¶ ASbmfw. AXmWv IgvkÀ. tUmIypsaânÂ FhnsSsb¦nepw \mw Fs´¦nepw sN¿m \m{Kln¡ps¶¦nÂ Igvkdns\ AhnsS sImWvSphcWw. B

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D]tbmK¯n\pÅ XmWv apIfntem«pw Xmtgm«pw het ¯m«pw CSt¯m«pw DÅ A¼Sbmf§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯nb Cu IgvkÀ I¬t{SmÄ IoIÄ.' IgvkÀ \mep ZniIfnte¡pw Cu IoIÄ D]tbmKn¨v \o¡p¶Xv ImÀ¯nI cXojn\v ImWn¨psImSp¯p. tUmIypsaânep Å amädnsâ Ahkm\sa¯nbmÂ ]ns¶ IgvkÀ het¯m«pw Iotgm«pw \o¡m³ IgnbnÃ. AYhm, B IoIÄ At¸mÄ D]tbmKn¡m³ IgnbnÃ. Page up, Page

down, End, Home F¶n§s\ ASbmfs¸Sp¯nb IoIfpw Igvkdns\ \o¡p¶ [À½w \nÀhln¡p¶p. tUmIypsaânsâ Hcp t]Pv hmbn¨psImWvSncn¡pt¼mÄ ap³`mKt¯¡v aS§nt ¸mIm³ Page up Io AaÀ¯nbmÂ aXn. Page down Io AaÀ¯pt¼mÄ tUmIypsa ânsâ ASp¯ `mKw kv{Io\nÂ sXfnbp¶p. Home Io Igvkdns\ tUmIypsaânsâ Bcw`¯nÂ F¯n¡m³ klmbn¡p¶p. End Io Ahkm\¯nepw.' "Cu IoIÄ aäpNne \neIfnepw D]tbmKn¡mw. AXv hgnsb.' FâÀ: "Cu henb Io ItWvSm! Enter Ft¶m Return Ft¶m CXnÂ ImWmw', ImÀ¯nI cXojnt\mSv ]dªp. Hm¸tdänwKv t{]m{KmapIÄ Nn{XhyhØbneÃmXncp¶ Ime¯v Iw]yq«dn\v \ÂIp¶ command ssS¸p sNbvXv Cu Io AaÀ¯nbmÂ AXv Iw]yq«dnÂ sdPn ÌÀ sN¿pambncp¶p. ]pXnb t{]m{KmapIfnÂ Cu IobpsS tPmen Ipdªp. sImSp ¡p¶ Iamâ v OK sN¿m\mbn Cu Io Ct¸mgpw D]tbmKn¡p¶p.' "CXm, MS Word t{]m{KmanÂ CXv \o ImWv', ImÀ¯nI ]dªp. tUmIypsaânse Hcp hcnbpsS ]IpXnbnÂ IgvkÀ sImWvSph¶v ImÀ¯nI Enter Io AaÀ¯n. hcn apdnªv, ]IpXn Xmgs¯ hcnbmbn. IgvkÀ ]pXnb hcnbpsS XpS¡¯nembn.

hnhn[Xcw t]mÀ«pIÄ:

1. PS2 t]mÀ«v

2. USB t]mÀ«v

3. Serial t]mÀ«v

4. Parallel t]mÀ«v

USB t]mÀ«v hgn IWIvSv sN¿mhp¶ UnsshkpIÄ¡v am{Xta knÌw

Hm^v sNt¿WvSXnÃ F¶ kuIcyw _m[IamIq. atäXv t]mÀ«v hgn

F´v Unsshkv tNÀ¡pt¼mgpw knÌw Hm^v sN¿pIXs¶ thWw.

CsÃ¦nÂ t]mÀ«v tISpht¶¡pw.

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"C§s\ ]mc {Km^v Xncn¡m³ Cu Io D]tbmKn¡mw.' FkvtI¸v: "apIfnÂ CSs¯ Aä¯mbn ImWp¶ Esc Fs¶gp Xnb Io, B hm¡nsâ A À ° ¯ n e p Å {]tbmP\w Xs¶ bmWv \ÂIp¶Xv þ c£s¸SpI. Iw]yq«dn\v Hcp Iamâ v \ÂInbXv Im³kÂ sN¿mt\m, \nehnepÅ kv{Io\nÂ \n¶v ]gb kv{Io\nÂ F¯mt\m Cu _«¬ AaÀ¯nbmÂ aXn. _m¡vkvt]kv: "FâÀ IobpsS apIfnÂ CSt¯m«v A¼Sbmfw C« Cu Io ItWvSm? CXmWv Backspace Io. Nne Iot_mÀUpIfnÂ Cu IobnÂ Backspace F¶pXs¶ ASbmfs¸Sp¯nbncn¡pw. Igvkdnsâ CSXp`mK¯v ssS¸v sNbvX amäÀ ambv¨pIf bm³ Cu Io AaÀ¯nbmÂ aXn', ImÀ¯nI cXojns\ t\m¡n. "At¸mÄ Cu Iotbm tN¨n?' Del F¶Sbmfs¸Sp¯nb IoþbnÂ hnceaÀ¯n cXojv tNmZn¨p. Uneoäv: "ItWvSm \o F´m sNbvXXv F¶v?' ImÀ¯nI tIm]w \Sn¨p. cXojv Nncn¨p. "amªpt]mbn AtÃ? ]nSnIn«nt¸mbn. Igvkdnsâ heXp`m K¯v ssS¸v sNbvXXv ambv¨pIfbm\mWv Cu Io AtÃ? AÃ, F´mWv Cu Del?' "Del F¶Xv Delete F¶Xnsâ Npcp¡amWv. \o¡w sN¿pI, ambv¨p IfbpI Fs¶ms¡bÀ°w.' ^wKvj³ IoIÄ: "F1, F2, F3,...... ChbmWv ^wKvj³ IoIÄ (Function keys). apIfnse \ncbnÂ ImWp¶ F1 apXÂ F12 hscbpÅ IoIÄ Iw]yq«dnse [À½m\p

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jvTm\ Xmt¡mepIfmWv. Ct¸mÄ ImWp¶ Word t{]m{Kmansâ ]nXmalm\mbncp ¶ Wordstar-sâ Ime¯v Hcp ^bÂ tkhv sN¿m³ F3 F¶ Io AaÀ¯pIbmbn cp¶p ]Xnhv. A§s\ Hmtcm _«\pw Hmtcm [À½§Ä,' ImÀ¯nI hniZoIcn ¨p. jn^väv: "C\n Rm³ ]dbmw tN¨n. Shift Fs¶gpXnb Cu Io AaÀ¯n¸nSn¨v A£ c§Ä ssS¸v sNbvXmÂ Im¸näÂ (henb£cw) hcpw, AtÃ? ssS¸vssdädnÂ A§s\bmWtÃm!' cXojv kt´mjt¯msS ]dªp. "AsX, Im¸näÂ am{XaÃ, iXam\w(%) Bâ v (&) apXemb NnÓ§Ä In«m\pw CXp Xs¶ amÀ¤w. IqSmsX, Caps lock Fs¶gpXnb Cu Io AaÀ¯nb tijw ssS¸v sNbvXmÂ hcp¶ A£c§Ä FÃmw Im¸näÂ Bbncn¡pw.' C³skÀ«v: "C³kÀ«v Fs¶gpXnb Io F´msW¶v Rm³ ]dbmw. Fs´¦nepw Delete sNbvXv, asämcp `mK¯v IgvkÀ sImWvSph¶v Insert AaÀ¯nbmÂ t]mb `mKw AhnsS hcpw.' kwibt¯msS cXojv ]dªp. "Ct¸mÄ \o ]dªXv Iw]yq«À `mj. Bs«, F§s\ a\Ênembn?' "tIma¬ sk³kv' "DWvS¡®m...' ImÀ¯nIbpsS kzc¯nÂ A`n\µ\w. Numlock: "DWvS¡®m F¶v hnfn¨v Ifnbm¡pIsbm¶pw thWvS. Cu Numlock F´msW ¶pw Rm³ ]dbmw. AXpw tIma¬ sk³kv. Cu Io AaÀ¯nbmÂ apIfnÂ Numlock Fs¶gpXnbnSs¯ C³Unt¡äÀ sXfnbpw. At¸mÄ, heXphis¯ Cu A¡§sfgpXnb IoIÄ AaÀ¯nbmÂ A¡§Ä hcpw kv{Io\nÂ. Numlock

F¶mÂ Number lock, Caps lock t]mse.' "sNdp¡³ ]Tn¨p t]mbn', ImÀ¯nI Ahs\ A`n\µn¨p. "AsX, heXphi ¯v Hcp NXpc¯nse¶ t]mse ImWp¶ Cu

Ctrl, Alt, Shift F¶o tIm¼nt\j³ IoItfmsSm¸w aäp IoIÄ AaÀ¯p

¶Xv sa\pIfpsS klmbanÃmsX IamâpIÄ \ÂIm³ D]Icn¡p¶p.

DZmlcW¯n\v an¡hmdpw t{]m{KmapIfnÂ Ctrl IotbmsSm¸w C

AaÀ¯p¶Xv Copy sN¿m\pÅ Ipdp¡phgnbmWv (Shortcut keys). sa\phnse

Iamânt\msSm¸w Ipdp¡phgnbpw tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡pw.

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IoIfmWv \yqadnIv Io]mUv (Nu meric keypad). sabn³ t_mÀUnse A¡§fpsS IoIÄ D]tbmKn¡p¶Xnt\¡mÄ Ffp¸amWv CXp]tbmKn¡m³.' _m¡nbmb IoIfpsS D]tbmKw ImÀ¯nI hniZoIcn¨p. Sm_v Io (Tab key) Sm_ptej\v Xs¶bmWv D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv, {][m\ambpw. I¬t{SmÄ (Control-

Ctrl), HmÄ«v (Alt) IoIÄ aäp Nne IoIfpambn H¶n¨aÀ¯pt¼mÄ Ipdp¡phgn Bbn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p.' "Iot_mÀUnsâ Imcyw F\n¡nt¸mÄ ]nSnIn«n. C\n Rm³ {]mIvSn¡Â Bbn ]Tnt¨mfmw. ]t£ tN¨n, Cu auknsâ D]tbmKw F´mWv? tN¨n AXpsImWvSm WtÃm IqSpXepw ]WnsbSp¡p¶Xv', cXojnsâ HuÕpIyw GdpIbmWv. "AtXbv, hni¶n«v I®p ImWm\nÃ. auknsâ Imcyw DuWp Ignªv.'

aukv F¶ IamâÀ

Iw]yq«À Hm^v sN¿msXXs¶ ImÀ¯nIbpw cXojpw t]mbn DuWp Ign¨p. XncnsI apdnbnse¯n Ccp¶t¸mtg¡pw ImÀ¯nIbv¡v sNdnb Dd¡¨Shv. Ahsfm ¶v tIm«phmbn«p. "\S¡nÃ tN¨n, Iw]yq«dnsâ IÀ½_Ô§fpsS IY C¶p Xs¶ ]dªp XoÀ¡Ww', cXojv \nÀ_Ôn¨p. "F´p sN¿mw! \ns¶ ]Tn¸n¡msa¶v hm¡p X¶pt]mbntÃ! A\p`hn¡pI Xs¶". Nn{X§Ä ASn Øm\am¡nbpÅ Hm¸ tdj³ knÌw \nehnÂ h¶tXmsS Iw]yp« dnse IamWvSdpsS tPmen an¡hmdpw ]qÀ®ambnXs¶ auknt âXmbn. MS-DOS F¶ knÌ¯nÂ Hmtcm Iamâpw ssS¸v sN¿Wam bncp¶p. AXn\mÂ I a m â p I f { X b p w Iot_mÀUneqsSbmbncp ¶p. F¶mÂ Windows

\nehnÂ h¶tXmsS IY amdn (Windows t]mepÅ aäp t{]m{KmapIfpw). Iw]yq «dn\v \ÂtIWvSXmbnhcp¶ Iev]\If{Xbpw Nn{Xcqt]W ap³Iq«n b{´¯nÂ k¶nthin¸n¨ncn¡pIbmWv. FhnsSbmWv Cu Iev]\IÄ F¶v X¸n¸nSn¡pItb thWvSp. CXv aW¯p IWvSp]nSn¡pIbmWv aukv F¶ b{´¨psWvSenbpsS ]Wn. auknsâ ap³`mK¯v ImWp¶ _«WpIfmWv Iamâ v ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶Xv. aq¶pw, cWvSpw, H¶pw _«WpIÄ DÅ aukpIÄ DWvSv. Nne aukpIfnÂ (Scroll

Mouse) cWvSp _«WpIÄ¡nSbnÂ hncÂ sImWvSv Id¡mhp¶ Hcp N{Iw ]nSn¸n¨ncn ¡pw. CXmWv Scroll wheel. taitaÂ, Iw]yq«À D]tbmKn¡p¶bmfnsâ heXp`m K¯mWv aukv shbv¡pI. (CSXp ssIb·mcpsS Imcy¯nÂ Imcy§Ä¡v henb

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hyXymkapWvSv). IamâpIÄ \ÂIm³, D]tbmKn¡p¶bmsf klmbn¡p¶Xv kv{Io\nÂ sXfnbp¶ aukv t]mbnâÀ BWv. tamWn«dnsâ kv{Io\nÂ FÃmbnS¯pw auknsâ IgvkÀ F¯n¡m³ Ignbpw. km[mcWbmbn CSt¯m«v sNcnª A¼Sbmfambn ImWs¸Sp¶ aukv IgvkÀ, aukv ]mUnÂ aukv Nen¸n¡p¶X\pkcn¨v kv{Io\nÂ Nen¡pw. kv{Io\nÂ ImWp¶ sa\phnÂ \n¶v Iamâ v XncsªSp¯p IgnªmÂ _«¬ "¢n¡v' sN¿pI. Cu ¢n¡v BWv Iw]yq«dn\v sXcsªSp¯ \nÀt±iw {]mtbmKnIambn \ÂIp ¶Xv. aukn\v Ht¶m ctWvSm aqt¶m _«WpIÄ DWvSmImsa¶v ]dªtÃm! H¶ntesd _«WpÅ auknÂ an¡hmdpw IamâpIf{Xbpw CSXp `mKs¯ _«Wnsâ "¢n¡nwKn'emWv e`n¡pI. heXp`mKs¯ (\Sphnsebpw) _«¬ t{]m{KmapIÄ¡ \pkcn¨v hyXykvXamb [À½§Ä A\pjvTn¡p¶p.' "km[mcW \nebnÂ F¶ BIrXnbncn¡p¶ IgvkÀ (sSIvÌv hÀ¡v sN¿pt ¼mÄ CXv Hcp sIm¨p _mÀ t]msebmbncn¡pw), aukv ¢n¡v sNbvXpIgnªmÂ, \nÀt±iw \S¸m¡pwhsc aWÂLSnImc¯nsâ BIrXn kzoIcn¡pw. aukv Igvkdn\v BIÀjIamb BIrXnIÄ sXcsªSp¡m\pÅ Hm]vj\pIÄ e`yamWv.' "CXmWv aukv. C\n \o Cu auskm¶p ]nSnt¨. B, A§s\bÃ. \osb´m am{Insb ]nSn¡pIbmtWm? CXm C§s\. XÅhncÂ CSXp hi¯v. apdps¡ ]nSn

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¡WvS. Fen HmSnt¸mhpIsbm¶panÃ. sNdphncepw tamXnchncepw auknsâ heXp `mK¯ncn¡Ww. NqWvSphncÂ sImWvSv thWw CSXp _«¬ ¢n¡v sN¿m³ (se^väv ¢n¡v)', ImÀ¯nI ]dªp \nÀ¯n hensbmcp tIm«phmbn«p. "C\n Dd§Ww.' cXojv hnSm\pÅ `mhanÃ. "IÀa_Ô¯nsâ IYIÄ Ahkm\n¨nÃtÃm tN¨n. AXv XoÀ¶n«paXn C¶pd¡w.' "XoÀ¶nÃ. ]s£ Dd§mXncn¡Wsa¦nÂ C\n Im¸n thWw. Im¸n \o CSmtam?' "CSmsX ]äptam! tN«¯nb½btÃ ho«nse sIm¨½', cXojv sImª\w Ip¯n. "t]mSm, DWvS¡®m.' Im¸n¡p tijw ImÀ¯nI ASp¯ ]mT¯nte¡p IS¶p.

Iw]yq«À kwc£Ww

AXohtemehpw hfscs¸s«¶v £Xw kw`hn¡mhp¶Xpamb CeIvt{SmWnIv knÌ§fpw kÀIyq«pIfpamWv Iw]yq«dnsâ Hmtcm b{´LSI¯nepw DÅXv. sshZypXo{]hml¯nepÅ hyXnbm\§Ä lmÀUvshbdn\pw tkm^vävshbdn\pw Hcp t]mse tZmjIcamWv. tIcf¯nÂ Cu A]ISkm²yX hfsctbsdbmWv. Hcp CSn an¶pt¼mtg ¡pw sSenhnj\ pw tS¸v s d t ¡ m À U d p w t]mepÅ D]IcW §fpsS {][m\`mK §Ä Icnªpt]m Ipwhn[w H«pwXs¶ hnizmktbmKya Ãm¯ Hcp sshZypXnhnXcWkw hn[m\amWtÃm \ a p ¡ p Å X v . thmÄt«Pnsâ s]s« ¶pÅ ]X\hpw IpXn¨pIbähpw ChnsS HcÛpXaÃ. CsXÃmw Iw]yq« dn\v hfsc tZmjIc amWv. CPU-hn¶ Is¯ kp{][m\ kwhn[m\§Ä \in ¡p¶Xp apXÂ Iw]yq«d n s e t{]m{KmapIfpw Umäbpw tISphcm³ (corrupt BIm³) hsc km²yXbpWvSv. C¡mcW§fmÂ thmÄt«Pv Øncambn \nÀ¯p¶ Hcp kwhn[m\¯neqsS thWw CeIv{Sn¡v sabn\nÂ \n¶pw Iw]yq«dnte¡v sshZyqXn {]hln¡p¶Xv.

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ap¼v CXn\mbn D]tbmKn¨ncp¶Xv skÀthm sÌ_nssekdpIfpw kn.hn.SnIfpw (CVT þ Constant Voltage Transformer) BWv. ]t£, C¶v Ch A]cym]vXambncn ¡p¶p. sÌ_nssekdpw CVT-bpw sse\nse sshZypXn \nebv¡p¶tXmsS "Hm^m' Ip¶p. Windows t]mepÅ ]pXnb t{]m{KmapIfnÂ, sshZypXo{]hmlw s]s«¶v \nebv¡p¶Xv Ipg¸w krjvSn¡mw. Iw]yq«dnsâ {]hÀ¯\w Bimkyamb coXnbn Â Ahkm\n¸n¨ tijaÃ ]hÀ Hm^v sN¿p¶sX¦nÂ t{]m{Kmw corrupt

BIm\pw tiJcn¨ hnhc§Ä \jvSs¸Sm\pw km²yXbpWvSv. AXn\mÂ, sabn³ sse\nse sshZypXn \ne¨pt]mbmepw, thWvS hn[w Iw]yq«À Shut down sN¿pwhsc sb¦nepw sshZypXn \nebv¡m¯ Hcp kwhn[m\amWmhiyw. Cu kwhn[m\ amWv UPS - Uniterrupted Power Supply. UPS {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv henb _mädnIfpsS klmb¯memWv. ]pdsa CXnÂ ]e CeIvt{SmWnIv correcting kwhn[m\§Ä D]tbmKn¡p¶papWvSv. AXn\mÂ XmcXtay\ hfsc IrXyamb Hcp output, UPS-Â \n¶pw e`n¡p¶p.'

Npcp-¡-¯nÂ...

Iw]yq«À Hm¬þHm^v sN¿m³ CPU-hnse ]hÀ _«¬ l AC sabn\pambn Iw]yq«dns\ _Ôn¸n¡m³ CPU-hn\v ]pdInse ]hÀ tkm¡äv l {]nâÀ, tamWn«À

F¶n§s\ aäp `mK§fpambn knÌw bqWnäns\ _Ôn¸n¡m³ t]mÀ«pIÄ l Iw]yq

«dn\v hnhc§Ä \ÂIm³, IgvkÀ Øm\w amäm³, IamâpIÄ \ÂIm³ A§s\ ]e

Imcy¯n\pw Io t_mÀUnÂ ]e skIvj\pIÄ l aukv Igvkdnsâ (Pointer) cq]w

amämw l kpØnc sshZypXo{]hmlw Dd¸m¡n Iw]yq«À kwc£n¡m³ UPS

3 IÀ½-_-Ô-¯nsâ arZp-e-X´p þ tkm^vävshbÀ

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"AWphnkvt^mS\¯nsâ kn²m´w \o ]Tn¨n«ntÃ?', ImÀ¯nI tNmZn¨p. "]ns¶. Fsâ HcnjvShnjbatÃ AXv! AtNX\ambncn¡p¶ Hcp bqtd\nbw amÊnte¡v, Hcmä¯n\pÅnte¡v Hcp \yqt{Sm¬ IS¯n hnSp¶p. ]ns¶ Znhnkqcyk l{kky..... Bbncw kqcy·mcpsS tXP:{]fbw. Bs«, Iw]yq«dpw Bäw t_mw_pambn F´p _Ôw?' cXojn\v a\ÊnembnÃ. "D]abpsS Imcy¯nÂ Rm³ aWvSnbmWv. ]s£, \o ]dªXv icnbmWv. Hcp Ip¶v bqtd\nbw Hcp `mK¯v IqSn¡nS¡p¶XpsImWvSv H¶pw kw`hn¡p¶nÃ. AXv AtNX\ambncn¡pw. F¶mÂ Hcp \yqt{Sm¬ AXns\ ssNX\yhÂ¡cn¡p¶p.' "AsX' "Hcp b{´w F¶ \nebv¡v Iw]yq«À AtNX\amWv. h³XpI apS¡n Hcp Iw]yq «À hm§ns¡mWvSph¶mÂ AXhnsS Ccn¡pItbbpÅq þ {]tbmP\clnXambn. AXn\v ssNX\yw \ÂIm³ {]tXyIhkvXp BhiyamWv. IW¡p Iq«m\pw Is¯ gpXm\pw ]m«ptIÄ¡m\pw Hs¡. AXmWv tkm^vävshbÀ.' "tkm^vävshbÀ?' "AsX. CXv b{´`mK§tfm, hbtdm H¶paÃ. b{´s¯ {]hÀ¯\£aam

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¡p¶ kwÚIÄ þ t{]m{KmapIÄ þ BWv. \mw \ÂIp¶ hnhc§Ä Iw]yq«dnsâ Xet¨mdnÂ F¯n¡m\pw, kwkvIcn ¡m\pw AhnsS \n¶pw Xncns¨Sp¡m\papÅ At\Iw kwÚIfpsS kamlmcw. AXmWv tkm^vävshbÀ.' "Cu Windows F¶v ]dbp¶Xv tkm^vävshbdmtWm?' "AsX. AXns\ Hm¸ tdänwKv knÌw tkm^vävshbÀ F¶p ]dbpw.' D Z m l c W ¯ n \ v , ssat{Imtkm^vänsâ MS

Office F¶ t{]m{KmapIfpsS kap¨bw DWvSv. CXnse Hmtcm LSIhpw Hmtcm {]tXyI Bhiy¯n\mbn X¿mdm¡nbXmWv. IW¡p¡q«m\pw NmÀ«pIÄ X¿mdm¡m\papÅ tkm^vävshbdmWv ssat{Imkv^ vänsâ FIvkÂ (MS Excel). Hcp hyànbpsS [\Imcyw ssIImcyw sN¿p¶ tkm^vävshbdmWv aWn (MS Money). Is¯gp¯v, ]pkvXIsagp¯v, FUnänwKv F¶nhbv¡p]tbmKn¡p¶p, Word F¶ tkm^vävshbÀ. t^mt«m ssIImcyw sN¿m \p]tbmKn¡p¶ tkm^vävshbdmWv t^mt«mtjm¸v. ]pkvXIw Unssk³ sN¿m\pw t]PpIÄ DWvSm¡m\pw Pagemaker, Ventura, QuarkXpress XpS§nbhbpWvSv. "]t£, CsXm¶pw Xs¶ AtNX\ambncn¡p¶ Hcp Iw]yq«dnÂ {]hÀ¯n¸n ¡m³ km²yaÃ. At¸mÄ F´v amÀ¤w?' ImÀ¯nI tNmZn¨p. "AXmtWm {]bmkw? Cu tkm^vävshbdpIÄ¡v Iw]yq«dn\I¯v Ibdn¸äm \pÅ ]mXbpw tNt¡dm\pÅ CShpw DWvSmIWw', cXojv ]dªp. "AsX. Iw]yq«À Hcp CeIvt{SmWnIv b{´amsW¶Xv \n\¡dnbmatÃm. ]e C e I v t { S m W n I v b{´§fpw \n\¡v ]cnNnXamWv. DZmlc W¯n\v \nsâ stereo

player. AXnÂ \ap¡v ]m«v tIÄ¡mw. AsÃ ¦nÂ kn\na ImWm³ Sn.hnbpw

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VCR-Dw DWvSv. Cu ]dªsXms¡ Iw]yq«dnepw km[yamsW¦nepw CXnsâ {]hÀ¯ \coXn XnI¨pw hyXykvXamWv. Hcp Iw]yq«dnsâ {][m\ {]hr¯n, hnhc§Ä (information AYhm data) kwkvIcn¡pI F¶XmWv. \ap¡v e`n¡p¶ sSent^m¬ _nÂ t\m¡q. \½psS \¼dnÂ \n¶pw t]mbn«pÅ tImfpIÄ, AhbpsS ssZÀLyw, NmÀPv XpS§n At\Iw Imcy§Ä AXnÂ e`yamWv. e`n¡p¶ Hmtcm data-bpw (DZmlcW¯n\v, Hmtcm Call-Dw AXnsâ ssZÀLyhpw) Iw]yq«dnÂ sNbvXph¨ncn ¡p¶ t{]m{Kmansâ ASnØm\¯nÂ kwkvIcns¨Sp¡pIbmWv Iw]yq«À sN¿p ¶Xv.' AXn\v ]t£, Iw]yq«dns\ F§s\ \½psS Bhiyw ]dªp a\Ênem¡pw? AXn\v aebmftam Cw¥otjm Adnbmtam? CÃ. AXn\v a\ÊnemIp¶Xv AXnsâ `mj am{Xw þ Machine Language. b{´`mj Iw]yq«dn\I¯v (e£¡W¡n\v) kzn¨pIÄ {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xmbn \ap¡v IW ¡m¡mw. Hcp kzn¨n\v cWvSv position-IfmWv DÅXv: Off, On. AXmbXv sshZypXn CÃm¯ AhØbpw DÅ AhØbpw. Off position "0' Bbpw On position "1' Bbpw Iw]yq«À a\Ênem¡p¶p. \mw Iw]yq«dn\v \ÂIp¶ hnhc§Ä A{Xbpw Iw]yq«dnÂ "0' Ifpw "1'Ifpw D]tbm Kn¨v represent sN¿p¶p. "0'Ifpw "1'Ifpw D]tbmKn ¨pÅ Cu Iw]yq«À `mjsb Machine Language

F¶v ]dbp¶p. "shdpw cWvS¡§Ä sImWvSv Cu coXnbnÂ \mw \ÂIp¶ hnhc§Ä A{Xbpw Iw]yq«À a\Ênem ¡p¶Xv F§ns\ bmWv?' cXojn\v AÛp Xw. "AXp ]dbmw. cWvS¡ §Ä D]tbmKn¡p¶ Cu coXnsb Binary System

F¶p ]dbpw. \nsâ IW¡v ¢mknÂ \o CXv ]Tn¡pw.' Hcp kzn¨n\v F{X position

DWvSv þ cWvSv. At¸mÄ cWvSv kzn¨n\v þ \mev. aps¶®ambmtem? "Bdv'

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"AsÃSm DWvS¡®m. Zm CXv t\m¡v.' Switch A Switch A

1 (on) 0 (off)

C§s\ on, off F¶ {Ia¯nÂ kzn¨pIfpsS F®w IqSpt´mdpw AXp]tbm Kn¨v {]Xn\n[oIcn¡mhp¶ combinations AsÃ¦nÂ codes kzn¨pIfpsS F®w (n) hÀ¤ A\p]mX¯nÂ IqSp¶p þ 2n. AXmbXv 22=4, 23=8, 24=16 etc.

Binary System-¯nse A¡§sf Iw]yq«À `mjbnÂ bits F¶v hnfn¡pw. "1' F¶Xpw "0' F¶Xpw Hmtcm bit-IfmWv. 8 bit-sâ Hcp Iq«s¯ Hcp byte F¶p hnfn¡pw. Iw]yq«dnse ASnØm\ bqWnäv BWv byte F¶Xv. Iw]yq«dnÂ \mw \ÂIp¶ Hmtcm character-Dw Hcp byte D]tbmKn¨p {]nXn\n[m\w sN¿p¶p. "H¶p IqSn hyàam¡mw. Hcp byte-Â 8 bit DsWvS¶p ]dªtÃm. AXmbXv 8 kzn¨pIÄ \ap¡v e`yamWv. 8 kzn¨v D]tbmKn¨v F{X combinations DWvSm¡mw....? sXän¨mÂ Rm³ \nsâ sNhn s]m¶m¡pw.' "...... 2n, n=8 AXmbXv 2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2..... 256.... ' "anSp¡³! At¸mÄ 256 hyXykvX tImUpIÄ e`yamWv.' Hcp byte sImWvSv 256 IymcIvSdpIsf {]Xn\n[m\w sN¿mw. DZmlcW¯n\v A

F¶ A£cw Iw]yq«À F§ns\ a\Ênem¡pw F¶v t\m¡mw. A = 01000001. CXv ASCII standard-{]Imcw. EBCDIC F¶ asämcp standard-Dw DWvSv. Cu coXnbnÂ FÃm characters-Dw {]Xn\n [m\w sN¿mw. AXmbXv A, B, ....Z. a, b, .....z.

0,1,....9 ]ns¶ *, -, +, /, &, $, _ F¶n§s\ H«\ h[n IymcIvSdpIfpw. Cu `mj D]tbm

b{´`mj KWnXimkv{XcoXnbmWv D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv. Iw]yq«dnÂ Hcp

ss_\dn UnPnäns\ Hcp bit F¶v hnfn¡p¶p. C¯cw 8 bit-IÄ

tNÀ¶mÂ Hcp byte Bbn. ASnØm\kwJybmb 2þsâ 10 hÀ¤aqeyw

(210 = 1024) Hcp Intemss_äv (Kilobyte - KB). C¯cw 1024KB tNcpt

¼mÄ Hcp saKmss_äv (Megabyte - MB). 1024MB = 1 GB.

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Kn¨v Iw]yq«dnt\mSv Hcp Imcyw ]dbWsa¦nÂ F{X typing thWvSnhcpw? Hmtcm A£c¯nepw 8 F®w h¨v. BtemNn¡mt\ h¿. F¶mÂ BZyIme Iw]yq«dpIfn Â imkv{XÚÀ C¯c¯nemWv Imcy§Ä \S¯nbncp¶Xv. AXn\v AhÀ punch

cards F¶ Hcp kwhn[m\w D]tbmKn¨p. "]n¶oSv ]e amä§fneqsSbpw IS¶v h¶v Cw¥ojv `mjbnse hm¡pIÄ D] tbmKn¨v Nne {]tXyI coXnbnepÅ command-IÄ hgn Iw]yq«dns\ Imcy§Ä ]dªv a\Ênem¡mw F¶mbn. At¸mgpw Iw]yq«À AXns\ AXntâXmb `mjbn te¡v (Machine language) ]cn`mjs¸Sp¯nbmWv {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv. Iw]yq«À {]hÀ¯n¸n¡p¶ BÄ AdnbmsX Xs¶ Iw]yq«À Cu Cw¥ojv IamâpIsf machine

language B¡p¶p. CXn\v Hcp ]cn`mjI³ Iw]yq«dnÂ {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p þ Interpreter. Cu Interpreter CÃmsX Iw]yq«À {]hÀ¯n¸n¡pI Akm[yw. CXns\ bmWv Operating System F¶v hnfn¡p¶Xv. Bill Gates F¶ almsâ hfÀ¨ XpS§p¶Xv ChnsS \n¶mWv. At±lw MSDOS, AXmbXv Microsofit Disk Operating System F¶ Hcp Interpreter DWvSm¡n. AXn\v temIsa¼mSpw hfsc {]Nmcw In«pIbpw sNbvXp. "tN¨n, Cu kzn¨pIfpsS Imcyw ]dªntÃ? \½Ä sImSp¡p¶ dataþbpw aäpw kzn¨pIÄ D]tbmKn¨mWv tcJs¸Sp¯p¶Xv F¶pw ]dªp. At¸mÄ Idâ v t]mbmÂ AsÃ¦nÂ Iw]yq«À Hm^m¡nbmÂ \½Ä sa\s¡«ncp¶v ASn¨ptIänb sXÃmw \jvSs¸SntÃ?' ImÀ¯nIbv¡v DWvS¡®sâ tNmZyw \t¶ ckn¨p. Ah\v _p²nbpWvSv. "DÆv. ]s£, AXv ]cnlcn¡msX ]änÃtÃm. Iw]yq«À F¶ b{´w a\pjycmin ¡pthWvSn \nÀ½n¨Xp Xs¶ \½psS Cc«n¸Wn Hgnhm¡m\mWv.' "\mw Iw]yq«À {]hÀ¯n¸n¡pt¼mÄ AXnsâ memory-bnemWv Imcy§Ä FÃmw sN¿p¶Xv. Rm³ t\ct¯ RAM-s\¡pdn¨v ]dªXv HmÀ½bntÃ? \nsâ RUM? RAM A\h[n CeIvt{SmWnIv Nn¸pIÄ AS§nb H¶mWv. CXn\I¯v

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{]hÀ¯n¡p¶ \nch[n kzn¨pIÄ IdânÃm¯ AhØbnÂ {]hÀ¯\clnXamIp¶p. AXmbXv \½Ä A{Xbpw t\cw sNbvX ]Wn "tKm]n!' CsXmgnhm¡m\mWv \½Ä "save' sN¿p¶Xv. "Saving' \½sf F§s\ c£s¸Sp¯p¶p F¶p t\m¡mw. DZmlcW¯n\v Rm³ Cu MS Word D]tbmKn¨v \nsâ tN«\v Hcp I¯v type sN¿p IbmWv F¶p IcpXpI. ASn¨p Xocpwap¼v F\n¡v Iw]yq«À Hm^v sNt¿WvSXmbn hcnIbmsW¦nÂ Rm³ AXv Save sN¿pw. C§s\ sN¿pt¼mÄ RAM-Â DWvSmbncp¶ B letter Iw]yq«dnse hard disk-Â sNs¶¯p¶p. Iw]yq«dnsâ \nehd. AhnsS FÃmw `{Zw.' "Idâp t]mIpt¼mÄ F´psIm WvSv hard disk-Â \n¶pw B letter

amªp t]mIp¶nÃ? AhnsS kzn¨pIfntÃ?' "DWvSv. AhntSbpw kzn¨pIfp WvSv. ]s£, AhnSs¯ kzn¨p IÄ CeIvt{SmWnIv AÃ. Im´nIamWv. Imkänsâ dnºWnteXpt]mse Hcp Magnetic

coating DÅ, teml\nÀ½nXamb {]XeapÅ H¶mWv lmÀUv UnkvIv. Ahn Ss¯ kzn¨pIÄ Cu {]Xe¯nse sIm¨p sIm¨p Im´§fmWv. Ah Idâ v t]mbmepw amªpt]mIp¶nÃ. Bhiyw A\pkcn¨v AhnsS \n¶pw, kq£n¨psh ¨ncn¡p¶ ^bepIÄ hosWvSSp¡p¶p. Bhiyw Ignªh ambv¨pIfbpIbpamhmw, Hcp Imkänset]mse. Cu kz`mhkhntijXsImWvSv RAM-s\ Volatile memory

F¶pw lmÀUv UnkvIns\ Permanent memory F¶pw hnfn¡p¶p.' "Okay?' "Okay'

Hm¸tdänwKv knÌw

AtNX\ambncn¡p¶ Iw]yq«dn\pw {]hr¯yp·pJamb tkm^vävshbdpIÄ¡pw CSbnÂ Chsb ]ckv]cw _Ôn¸n¡p¶ Hcp ]mX thWw. B ]mXbmWv Hm¸td änwKv knÌw. User-friendly Bb, AYhm D]tbmKn¡p¶ Bfns\ hnjan¸n¡m¯, C¯cw Hcp Operating System BWv Windows. asämcp knÌamWv Linux. \½psS ]pXnb ]T\coXnXs¶ CXn\v DZmlcWamWv. Apple F¶pw Grapes F¶pw t_mÀUnÂ FgpXn AXns\¡pdn¨v hnhcn¨v a\Ênem¡p¶Xnt\¡mfpw F{Xtbm efnXhpw ^e{]ZhpamWv B¸nfpw ap´ncnbpw A§s\¯s¶ sImWvSph¶v ImWn

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¨psImWvSv AXns\¡pdn¨v ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xv, AtÃ? AdnbntÃ? DPEP. CtX XXzw DÄs¡mWvSpsImWvSv krjvSn¨ Hm¸tdänwKv knÌ§sf GUI (Graphical User Interface)

F¶mWv hnfn¡p¶Xv. Iw]yq«dnsâ AXnk¦oÀ®amb kwÚIÄ H¶pw Xs¶ AdnbmsX HcmÄ¡v Iw]yq«À {]hÀ¯n¸n¡m³ km[yam¡pI F¶XmWv CXnsâ ]n¶nse Dt±iyw.' "]{X¯nÂ CubnsS Windows Meþsb¡pdn¨v Rm³ hmbn¨p. F´mWXv?. ImÀ¯nI Nncn¨p: "tXm¡nÂ tIdn shSnshbvs¡sÃSm DWvS¡®m. Hs¡ Rm³ ]dªp Xcmw.' "temI¯nteähpw henb, H¶ma\mb, tPmen sN¿p¶ [\nI\mWv Atacn¡ ¡mc\mb _nÂ tKävkv. At±l¯nsâ I¼\nbmb ssat{Imtkm^väv tImÀ¸tdj tâXmWv MS Windows. MS F¶Xv Microsoft F¶Xnsâ Npcp¡w.' ssat{Imtkm^vänsâ ]qÀÆIme t{]m{Kmambncp¶p MS-DOS (Disk Operating

System). C¶s¯ Windowssâ Øm\¯mbncp¶p A¶Xv. Iw]yq«dnÂ hnhc §Ä t{]mkÊv sN¿p¶Xnsâ hym]vXn hÀ²n¡pIbpw ]pXnb Bhiy§Ä DSse Sp¡pIbpw sNbvXt¸mÄ IamâpIÄ Hmtcm¶pw ssS¸v sN¿pIbpw, ssS¸v sNt¿ WvSp¶ IamâpIÄ HmÀ¯ncn¡pIbpw sN¿pI F¶Xv {iaIcambn. DZmlcW¯n\v: ^vtfm¸n UnkvInse hnhc§Ä ImWWsa¦nÂ MS-DOS Iamân§s\: a: (+Enter)

dir (+ Enter)

type filename (+ Enter);

Hcp {]tXyI ^bÂ Uneoäv sN¿Wsa¦nÂ del filename (+ Enter); Hcp Ubd

http://bluemangoa2z.50webs.com/

IvSdnbnse ^bÂ apgph³ Uneoäv sN¿Wsa¦nÂ del *.*

(+ Enter)

Nn{X§fpw, Ne¨n{X §fpw B\ntaj\psams¡, F Ã m ¯ n \ p a p ] c n s\ävhÀ¡nwKpw, A\nhmcyamb tXmsS Cu coXn _p²nap «p\ndªXmbn. Cu kmlNcy ¯nemWv BZyw B¸nÄ I¼\nbpw ]n¶oSv _nÂtKävkpw PmeI kwhn [m\w sImWvSph¶Xv. Nn{X §fpsS klmbt¯msS hfsc efnXamb coXnbnÂ Iw]yq«dns\ A\pkcn¸n ¡p¶ kwhn[m\w: Graphical User Interface (GUI).

"PmeI§fneqsS \mw Hmtcm t{]m{Kmante¡pw F¯nt\m¡p¶p, Ah D] tbmKn¡p¶p. Htc kabw H¶ne[nIw PmeI§Ä (t{]m{KmapIÄ) Xpd¡mw F¶ XmWv Windows-sâ khntijX. Iw]yq«À F¶ sI«nS¯nsâ D]tbmKw Ignbpt ¼mÄ P\epIÄ Hmtcm¶mbn AS¨v HSphnÂ hmXnÂ j«v Uu¬ sNbvXv \mw ]pd¯pIS¡p¶p', ImÀ¯nI Be¦mcnIambn ]dªp. "MS-DOS Bbncp¶tÃm BZyhnZzm³', ImÀ¯nI XpSÀ¶p. "GUI Bbn _nÂtKävkv Windows 3.0-Dw ]ns¶ 3.1-Dw Cd¡n. At¸mgpw MSDOS- sâ {]`mhw ]qÀ®ambpw \ne¨ncp¶nÃ. F¶mÂ ]pXnb ]pXnb kt¦X§Ä Bhiyambn hcpIbpw k¦oÀWXIÄ IqSnhcpIbpw sNbvXpsImWvSncp¶p. CXnsâ IqsSbmWv CâÀs\änsâ AXnibIcamb hym]\w. B Hc\nhmcyXbnÂ \n¶pamWv Windows-95 P·saSp¯Xv. kmt¦XnIcwK¯pw hmWnPytaJebnepw CsXmcp hn¹hw Xs¶bmbn.' "Windows 95 cq]IÂ¸\ sNbvXt¸mÄ CâÀs\äv Iw]yq«À temIs¯ Hcp taJe am{Xambncp¶p. AXn\mÂ Cu knÌ¯nÂ At\Iw Hm]vj³knÂ H¶pam {Xambncp¶p CâÀs\äv. ]n¶oSv Aev]w IqSn ]cnjvIrXamb Windows 98 h¶p.' "F¶mÂ CXn\v tijw, AYhm Ignª aq¶v hÀj¯n\pÅnÂ Iw]yq«À D] tbmKcwK¯v AhmNyamb Hcp Ips¯mgp¡mWv kw`hn¨Xv. ssk_Àkvt]kv F¶v temIw \½psS hncÂ¯p¼nÂ! temI¯nsâ GXp aqebnÂ\n¶pw

F´p hnhchpw ItkcbnÂ\n¶pw Fgpt¶Â¡msX kzmb¯am¡m³

CâÀs\äv. {_n«ojv sse{_dnbnse ]pkvXI§fnÂ ]cXmw; Atacn

¡bnse NqS¸amb sjbÀ GXmsW¶dnbmw; ho«nencp¶v dneb³kv

tÌm¡v hm§mw; Gähpw ]pXnb Iw]yq«À sKbnw Hm¬sse\mbn

hm§mw.

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AXmWXnsâ ¢n¡v!

kv{Io\nÂ auknsâ t]mbnâÀ IsWvS¯nbtÃm, AtÃ? ]mUnÂ aukv \o¡pt¼mÄ AX\pkcn ¨v kv{Io\nÂ t]mbnâÀ \o§pw F¶Xv ]pXnb AdnhnÃ. aukv \o¡n t]mbnâÀ kv{Io\nsâ CSt¯ Iogä¯v tImWvSphcnI. AhnsSbmWtÃm Start _«¬. t]mbnâÀ AXnÂ sh¨v, auknsâ CSXp_ «¬ Hcn¡Â AaÀ¯pI þ se^väv ¢n¡v. AXm, Start _«WnÂ\n¶pw Hcp sa\p t]m]vþA¸v sNbvXp. AXnÂ Programs -> Accessories -> Games -> Solitaire FSp¡pI. AXm No«pIfn¡fw. hn³tUmbpsS apIÄ`mK¯v HcSp¡v No«v Iangv¯n sh¨ncn¡pw. AXnsâ heXp`mK¯v Hgnª \mev If§Ä. B \nc¡v Xmsg Xpd¶ncn¡p¶ No«pIfpsS Ggv If§Ä. Xpd¶ncn¡p¶ No«pIÄ, Hmtcm Xchpw (¢_vkv, kvt]Uvkv, lmÀ«vkv, UbaWvSvkv) apIfnse \mep IÅnIfnÂ Ace apXÂ King

hsc {Iaambn ASp¡emWv Ifn. Xpd¶ncn¡p¶ No«nÂ se^väv ¢n¡v sN¿pI. AXv skeIvSv BIp¶p. apIfnse IÅnIÄ Hgn ªncn¡pt¼mÄ, Xpd¶n. No«pIÄ¡v apIfnÂ Ace DsWvS¦nÂ, AXnÂ t]mbnâÀ sh¨v auknsâ CSXp _«¬ s]s«¶v cWvSp XhW AaÀ¯pI. UºnÄ ¢n¡v sN¿pt¼mÄ aukv CfIcpXv. Ace

X\nsb apIfnse Hgnª IÅnbnse¯p¶p. Iangv¶ncn¡p¶ No«Sp¡nÂ UºnÄ ¢n¡v sN¿pI. Gähpw apIfnse No«v Xpd¡p¶p. Xmsg IÅnIfnsem¶nÂ Nph¶ 10 h¶p F¶ncn¡s«. apIfnse ASp¡nÂ Idp¯ 9þDw. 9þÂ se^väv ¢n¡v sNbvXv _«¬ hnSmsX 10þsâ apIfnte¡v aukv \o¡pI. No«v aukv t]mbnâdns\m¸w Nen¡pw þ Click and Drag. "9' {UmKv sNbvXpsImWvSph¶v 10þsâ apIfnÂsh¨v _«¬ kzX{´am¡pI þ Drag & drop. "9' Xmgs¯ 10\v apIfnÂ h¶ncn¡pw. Ifn Ahkm\n¡pt¼mÄ hoWvSpw Ifn¡tWm F¶ UbtemKv t_mIvkv sXfnbpw. Bhiym\pkcWw adp]Sn \ÂIpI. auknsâ Ne\coXn ]Tn¡m\pÅ IuXpIamÀ¶ hgnbmWnXv.

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Be¦mcnIambn ]dªncp¶ CâÀs\äv temIw Iw]yq«À D]tbmKn¡p¶hÀ¡v Hcp bYmÀ° temIambn amdn. BfpIÄ ssk_À kvt]knÂ Pohn¡m³ XpS§n. sjbÀ I¨hSw sN¿m³ tÌm¡v FIvkvtN©nÂ t]mIp¶Xv Iw]yq«dneqsSbmbn. Syqen¸v ]q¡Ä hm§m³ kznävkÀeWvSnÂ t]mIp¶Xv Hm¬sse³ (online) Bbn. t]mÌv Hm^okpIÄ Iw]yq«dpIfnembn. sabnÂ t_mIvkpIÄ Iw]yq«dn\pÅnembn. sSent^m¬ sse\pIÄ t]mÌvam·mcmbn.' "Windows-se Hcp LSIw am{Xambn Internet-\v \ne\nÂ¡m³ ]änsÃ¶ AhØ kwPmXambn. Häbv¡p \nÂ¡p¶, kzX{´amb ]n.kn F¶ k¦Â]w (Stand-alone PC) s]s«¶v ]g©\mbn. Hmtcm ]n.knbpw tImSn¡W¡n\v ]n.kn IÄ ]ckv]cw _Ôs¸«ncn¡p¶ Wired world-se Hmtcm hoSmbn. Hm¸tdänwKv knÌ ¯nse Hcp LSIsa¶ \nebnÂ \n¶v Internet hfÀ¶p. Windows Xs¶ CâÀs\ äns\ Bkv]Zam¡nbpÅ knÌambn. CXmWv Windows 2000.' "]t£, \yq\XIÄ XoÀ¶nÃ. tImSn¡W¡n\v Iw]yq«dpIÄ CSXShnÃmsX ]ckv]cw kwkmcn¨psImWvSncn¡pt¼mÄ clkyPohnXw t]mepÅ ]e Imcy§ fnepw AkzØX kzm`mhnIamWv. clkyhnhckwc£Ws¯¡pdn¨pw {]iv\ §fmbn. IqSpXÂ sa¨s¸« P\epIÄ Bhiyambn. A§s\bmWv \o ]dª "Windows Me' P\n¨Xv þ Millennium Edition. Rm³ \ns¶ ]Tn¸n¡m³ t]mIp ¶Xpw AXmWv', ImÀ¯nI ZoÀL{]`mjWw XmÂ¡menIambn \nÀ¯n. "]t£, tN¨n, Cu tkm^vävshbdpIÄ \aps¡§s\bmWv In«pI?' kwibmephmb sNdp¸¡mcsâ ASp¯ tNmZyw. "tkm^vävshbdpIÄ kwÚmkwlnXIftÃ? ^vtfm¸n Unkv¡pIfnÂ In«pw. ]s£, Ct¸mÄ FÃmw Nn{X§sf ASnØm\am¡nbmbXn\mÂ an¡hmdpw tkm^vävshbdpIÄ kn.UnþtdmanemWv hcp¶Xv. {_m³UUv ]n.knIÄ hm§pt¼mÄ I¼\nXs¶ MS Windows-Dw MS Office-Dw aäpw Licensed versions \ÂImdpWvSv. Pme I§Ä \ap¡v \msf Xpd¡mw. Ct¸mÄ KpUvss\äv tamt\....'

Npcp-¡-¯nÂ...

Iw]yq«dns\ ktNX\am¡m\pw hnhn[tPmenIÄ \nÀÆln¡m\pw tkm^vävshbÀ l hnhn[ IÀ½§Ä¡v hyXykvXamb tkm^vävshbdpIÄ l Iw]yq«

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